Giovanni Paolo Panini or Pannini (17 June 1691 – 21 October 1765) was an Italian painter and architect who worked in Rome and is primarily known as one of the ''

vedutisti A ''veduta'' (Italian for "view"; plural ''vedute'') is a highly detailed, usually large-scale painting or, more often, print of a cityscape or some other vista. The painters of ''vedute'' are referred to as ''vedutisti''. Origins This genre ...

'' ("view painters"). As a painter, Panini is best known for his vistas of Rome, in which he took a particular interest in the city's antiquities. Among his most famous works are his view of the interior of the

Pantheon Pantheon may refer to: * Pantheon (religion), a set of gods belonging to a particular religion or tradition, and a temple or sacred building Arts and entertainment Comics *Pantheon (Marvel Comics), a fictional organization * ''Pantheon'' (Lone St ...

(on behalf of Francesco Algarotti), and his ''vedute''—paintings of picture galleries containing views of Rome. Most of his works, especially those of ruins, have a fanciful and unreal embellishment characteristic of '' capriccio'' themes. In this they resemble the ''capricci'' of

Marco Ricci Marco Ricci (6 June 1676 – 21 January 1730) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period. Early years He was born at Belluno and received his first instruction in art from his uncle, Sebastiano Ricci, likely in Milan in 1694–6.Giacometti, Mar ...

. Panini also painted portraits, including one of Pope Benedict XIV.

Biography

As a young man, Panini trained in his native town of Piacenza, under

Giuseppe Natali Giuseppe Natali (1652–1722) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Cremona and Lombardy. Biography He was born in Casalmaggiore, near Cremona. He was the son of a Giovanni Battista Natali (Bologna, c 1630 - Cremona, c ...

and

Andrea Galluzzi Andrea is a given name which is common worldwide for both males and females, cognate to Andreas, Andrej and Andrew. Origin of the name The name derives from the Greek word ἀνήρ (''anēr''), genitive ἀνδρός (''andrós''), that ref ...

, and with stage designer

Francesco Galli-Bibiena Francesco Galli, called Francesco da Bibiena (or da Bibbiena), a member of the theatrical Galli da Bibiena family and younger brother of Ferdinando Galli, was born at Bologna in 1659. He first studied under Lorenzo Pasinelli; but he was afterwar ...

. In 1711, he moved to Rome, where he studied drawing with

Benedetto Luti Benedetto Luti (17 November 1666 – 17 June 1724) was an Italian painter. Early life Luti was born in Florence on 17 November 1666. Career In 1691, he moved to Rome, where he was patronized by Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, an en ...

. In Rome, Panini earned a name for himself as a decorator of palaces. Some of his works included the Villa Patrizi (1719–1725), the Palazzo de Carolis (1720), and the

Seminario Romano The Roman Colleges, also referred to as the Pontifical Colleges in Rome, are institutions established and maintained in Rome for the education of future ecclesiastics of the Catholic Church. Traditionally many were for students of a particular nati ...

(1721–1722). In 1719, Panini was admitted to the ''Congregazione dei Virtuosi al Pantheon''. He taught in Rome at the '' Accademia di San Luca'' and the ''Académie de France'', where he is said to have influenced Jean-Honoré Fragonard. In 1754, he served as the prince (director) of the '' Accademia di San Luca''. The Spanish monarchs appreciated his work in such a way that, commissioned by Filippo Juvarra, he sent paintings to decorate the Lacquer Room of the Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso. In addition,

King Carlos IV , house = Bourbon-Anjou , father =Charles III of Spain , mother =Maria Amalia of Saxony , birth_date =11 November 1748 , birth_place =Palace of Portici, Portici, Naples , death_date = , death_place =P ...

, when he was Prince, bought several of his works that are still preserved in the Prado Museum and in the royal palaces. Panini died in Rome on 21 October 1765.Anna Maria Ferrari.
Panini, Giovanni Paolo
" Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. 27 March 2010.

Legacy

Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-729-0001-23, Italien, Überführung von Kunstschätzen

Panini's studio included Hubert Robert and his son Francesco Panini. His style influenced other vedutisti, such as his pupils

Antonio Joli Antonio Francesco Lodovico Joli (13 March 1700 – 29 April 1777) was an Italian painter of ''vedute'' and ''capricci''. Biography Born in Modena, he first was apprenticed to Rafaello Rinaldi. He then studied in Rome under Giovanni Paolo Pa ...

and Charles-Louis Clérisseau, as well as Canaletto and Bernardo Bellotto, who sought to meet the need of visitors for painted "postcards" depicting the Italian environs. Some British landscape painters, such as Marlow, Skelton and Wright of Derby, also imitated his capricci. In addition to being a painter and architect, Panini was a professor of perspective and optics at the French Academy of Rome. His masterful use of perspective was later the inspiration for the creation of the "

Panini Projection Image stitching or photo stitching is the process of combining multiple photographic images with overlapping fields of view to produce a segmented panorama or high-resolution image. Commonly performed through the use of computer software, most ...

", which is instrumental in rendering panoramic views.

https://www.facebook.com/paniniprojection] Panini's works are held in the permanent collections of many museums worldwide, including the Prado Museum, the Louvre, the

Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte Museo di Capodimonte is an art museum located in the Palace of Capodimonte, a grand Bourbon palazzo in Naples, Italy. The museum is the prime repository of Neapolitan painting and decorative art, with several important works from other Italian ...

, the

Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza The Thyssen-Bornemisza National Museum (in Spanish, the Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza (), named after its founder), or simply the Thyssen, is an art museum in Madrid, Spain, located near the Prado Museum on one of the city's main boulevards. I ...

, the Hermitage, the

Pushkin Museum The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (russian: Музей изобразительных искусств имени А. С. Пушкина, abbreviated as ) is the largest museum of European art in Moscow, located in Volkhonka street, just oppo ...

, the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, the

Staatliche Museen The Berlin State Museums (german: Staatliche Museen zu Berlin) are a group of institutions in Berlin, Germany, comprising seventeen museums in five clusters, several research institutes, libraries, and supporting facilities. They are overseen ...

, the Palazzo del Quirinale, the Toledo Museum of Art, the University of Michigan Museum of Art, the

Brooklyn Museum The Brooklyn Museum is an art museum located in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. At , the museum is New York City's second largest and contains an art collection with around 1.5 million objects. Located near the Prospect Heights, Crown H ...

, the Saint Louis Art Museum, the Detroit Institute of Arts, the

Museum of Fine Arts Boston The Museum of Fine Arts (often abbreviated as MFA Boston or MFA) is an art museum in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the 20th-largest art museum in the world, measured by public gallery area. It contains 8,161 paintings and more than 450,000 works ...

, the

Getty Center The Getty Center, in Los Angeles, California, is a campus of the Getty Museum and other programs of the Getty Trust. The $1.3 billion center opened to the public on December 16, 1997 and is well known for its architecture, gardens, and views over ...

, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the Walters Art Museum, the Harvard Art Museums, the

Philadelphia Museum of Art The Philadelphia Museum of Art (PMoA) is an art museum originally chartered in 1876 for the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. The main museum building was completed in 1928 on Fairmount, a hill located at the northwest end of the Benjamin Fr ...

, and the Indianapolis Museum of Art.

Gallery

History paintings

Expulsion of the Moneychangers from the Temple'' (ca. 1724), oil on canvas, 74 x 99 cm., Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum File:Giovanni Paolo Panini The Wedding at Cana, about 1725.jpg, ''

The Wedding at Cana ''The Wedding Feast at Cana'' (''Nozze di Cana'', 1562–1563), by Paolo Veronese, is a representational painting that depicts the biblical story of the Marriage at Cana, at which Jesus miraculously converts water into red wine (John 2:1–11). ...

'' (ca. 1725), oil on canvas, 99.2 × 137.2 cm.,

Speed Art Museum The Speed Art Museum, originally known as the J.B. Speed Memorial Museum, now colloquially referred to as the Speed by locals, is the oldest and largest art museum in Kentucky. It was established in 1927 in Louisville, Kentucky on Third Street ...

File:Giovanni Paolo Panini (1691-1765) - Marcus Curtius Leaping into the Gulf - 207 - Fitzwilliam Museum.jpg, '' Marcus Curtius Leaping into the Gulf'' (no date), oil on canvas, 73.7 x 98.1 cm., Fitzwilliam Museum File:Museo diocesano (Milan) Giovanni Paolo Pannini, Apollo e Marsia (cropped).jpg, '' Apollo and Mars'' (no date), oil on canvas,

Diocesan Museum of Milan The Diocesan Museum of Milan (''Museo Diocesano di Milano'' in Italian language, Italian) is an art museum in Milan housing a permanent collection of sacred artworks, especially from Milan and Lombardy. Originally conceived by Ildefonso Schuster i ...

Capriccios

National Museum, Warsaw File:Giovanni Paolo Panini - Roman Capriccio, The Colosseum and Other Monuments - 50.6 - Indianapolis Museum of Art.jpg, ''Roman Capriccio: The Colosseum and Other Monuments'' (1735), oil on canvas, 98.4 x 133 cm., Indianapolis Museum of Art File:Giovanni Paolo Panini (1691-1765) - Capriccio of Roman Ruins with the Colosseum - PD.107-1992 - Fitzwilliam Museum.jpg, ''A Capriccio of Roman Ruins'' (1737), oil on canvas, 36.8 x 69.2 cm., Fitzwilliam Museum File:Giovanni Paolo Panini - Fantasy View with the Pantheon and other Monuments of Ancient Rome - 61.62 - Museum of Fine Arts.jpg, ''Fantasy View with the Pantheon and other Monuments of Ancient Rome'' (1737), oil on canvas, 99 x 137.5 cm.,

Museum of Fine Arts, Houston The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH), is an art museum located in the Houston Museum District of Houston, Texas. With the recent completion of an eight-year campus redevelopment project, including the opening of the Nancy and Rich Kinder Build ...

File:Giovanni Paolo Pannini - St Sibyl's Sermon in Roman Ruins with the Statue of Apollo, 1740s.jpg, ''St Sibyl's Sermon in Roman Ruins with the Statue of Apollo'' (1740s), oil on canvas, 81 x 125 cm., Hermitage Museum File:Giovanni Paolo Panini - A Capriccio of the Roman Forum - 1964.41 - Yale University Art Gallery.jpg, ''A Capriccio of the Roman Forum'' (1741), oil on canvas, 170.8 x 217.8 cm., Yale University Art Gallery File:Giovanni Paolo Panini - An Architectural Capriccio of the Roman Forum with Philosophers and Soldiers among Ancient Ruins, in... - Google Art Project.jpg, ''Architectural Capriccio of the Roman Forum with Philosophers and Soldiers'' (1745-50), oil on canvas, 98.4 x 135 cm., National Museum of Western Art

Veduta (contemporary Rome)

Piazza Navona in Rome'' (1729), oil on canvas, 107 x 248 cm., Louvre File:St-peters-basilica-interior-pannini-1735.jpg, ''The Nave of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican'' (1735), oil on canvas, 153 x 219.7 cm., Norton Simon Museum File:Pannini, Giovanni Paolo - Interior of the San Giovanni in Laterano in Rome - 18th c.jpg, ''Interior of the San Giovanni in Laterano in Rome'' (no date), oil on canvas, 74 x 100 cm., Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts File:Lotteria in piazza di Montecitorio.jpg, ''Lotteria in

Piazza di Montecitorio The Palazzo Montecitorio () is a palace in Rome and the seat of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Italian Parliament. History The palace's name derives from the slight hill on which it is built, which was claimed to be the ''Mon ...

'' (1743), oil on canvas, National Gallery File:Pannini - La Remise de l'ordre du Saint-Esprit au prince Vaini par le duc de Saint-Aignan en l'église Saint-Louis-des-Français, le 15 septembre 1737.jpg, ''The delivery of the Order of the Holy Spirit to Prince Vaini by the Duke of Saint-Aignan in the Saint-Louis-des-Français church, September 15, 1737'' (ca. 1745), oil on canvas, 72 x 98 cm., Musée des Beaux-Arts de Caen File:Pannini, Giovanni Paolo - Musical Fête - 1747.png, ''Musical feast given by the cardinal de La Rochefoucauld in the Teatro Argentina in Rome in 1747 on the occasion of the marriage of Dauphin, son of Louis XV'' (1747), oil on canvas, 207 x 247 cm., Louvre File:Giovanni Paolo Pannini - View of Rome from Mt. Mario, in the Southeast - WGA16983.jpg, ''View of Rome from Mt. Mario, in the Southeast'' (1749), oil on canvas, 102 x 168 cm., Gemäldegalerie, Berlin File:Pannini GP Piazza Navona (cropped).JPG, '' Piazza Navona, Rome'' (1756), oil on camvas,

Landesmuseum Hannover The Lower Saxon State Museum Hanover (german: Niedersächsisches Landesmuseum Hannover, italics=unset, or simply ) is the state museum of Lower Saxony in Hanover, Germany. Situated adjacent to the New Town Hall, the museum comprises the state ...

File:Giovanni Paolo Pannini - Picture Gallery with Views of Modern Rome - WGA16969.jpg, ''Picture Gallery with Views of Modern Rome'' (1757), oil on canvas, 170 x 245 cm.,

File:Giovanni Paolo Pannini - Gallery of Views of Ancient Rome - WGA16979.jpg, ''Gallery of Views of Ancient Rome'' (1758), oil on canvas, 203 x 300 cm., Louvre

Drawings

Metropolitan Museum of Art File:Giovanni Paolo Panini, Saint Paul Preaching in Athens, 1734, NGA 131305.jpg, ''Saint Paul Preaching in Athens'', 1734,

National Gallery of Art The National Gallery of Art, and its attached Sculpture Garden, is a national art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW. Open to the public and free of char ...

File:The Lottery in Piazza di Montecitorio MET DT209219.jpg, ''The Lottery in Piazza di Montecitorio'' (1743-44), Pen, ink, watercolor, graphite, 34 x 54.5cm., Metropolitan Museum of Art File:Scalinata della Trinità dei Monti MET dp1971.63.1.R.jpg, '' Staircase of the Trinity of Mont'' (ca. 1756-58), Pen, ink, wash, watercolor, and graphite, 34.8 x 29.3 cm., Metropolitan Museum of Art File:Circle of Giovanni Paolo Panini, Arch of Titus, NGA 130863.jpg, ''Arch of Titus'' (no date), pen, ink and wash, 18.7 x 12.2 cm.,

File:Ruins of a Basilica or Mausoleum MET 87.12.50.jpg, ''Ruins of a Basilica or Mausoleum'' (no date),Pen, ink, and wash, 31 x 20.6cm., Metropolitan Museum of Art

References

External links

* *
''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''
an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Panini (see index)
''Europe in the age of enlightenment and revolution''
a catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Panini (see index)
''Capriccio of Roman Ruins with Figures''
from the Permanent Collection of the Utah Museum of Fine Arts
Panini at Waddesdon Manor
{{DEFAULTSORT:Panini, Giovanni Paolo Italian Baroque painters 1691 births 1765 deaths Italian decorators Italian vedutisti Painters of ruins People from Piacenza Italian male painters 18th-century Italian painters Waddesdon Manor 18th-century Italian architects