''Steromphala cineraria'' is a

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family

Trochidae The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resemb ...

, the top snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Steromphala cineraria (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1039839 on 2020-12-30

Description

The size of the shell varies between 12 mm and 18 mm. The thick, narrowly umbilicate, rarely imperforate shell has a conical, thick shape. It is cinereous, densely marked with numerous narrow longitudinal brown or reddish lines, or broader stripes. The 6

whorls A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...

are flattened, with 7 or 8 thread-like spiral ridges on the upper surface of the body whorl, with often one or two finer striae between each ridge, and about a dozen fine ridge-like striae on the under side. The body whorl is angulate at the periphery, somewhat convex beneath. The

aperture In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An ...

is subrhomboidal and smooth within. The

columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (; Arabic: , 4 – ) was a prominent writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His ' in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture, together with the wo ...

is straightened in the middle. The umbilicus is narrow.Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
/ref>

Distribution

This species occurs in the

North Sea The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea, epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the ...

, the

Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ...

, and in the Atlantic Ocean (

Azores ) , motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace") , anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores") , image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg , map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union , map_caption=Location of the Azores wi ...

, Canary Islands,

Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria t ...

References

* Lowe, R. T. (1861). A list of shells observed or collected at Mogador and in its immediate environs, during a few days' visit to the place, in April 1859. i>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1860: 169-204 * Backeljau, T. (1986). ''Lijst van de recente mariene mollusken van België ist of the recent marine molluscs of Belgium'' Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Brussels, Belgium. 106 pp. * Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification.'' Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213 * Muller, Y. (2004). ''Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. oastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory'' Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.

External links

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition
vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae]
Blainville H. M. D. de. (1828-1830). Malacozoaires ou Animaux Mollusques. n
Faune Française. Levrault, Paris 320 p., 48 pl. [livr. 18 (29 Nov. 1828), p. 1-80; livr. 20 (7 March 1829), p. 81-170; livr. 23 (1 Aug. 1829), p. 171-240; livr. 28 (3 July 1830), p. 241-320
Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig
pp. 3021-3910]
Thorpe C. (1844). British marine conchology; Being a descriptive catalogue, arranged according to the Lamarckian system, of the salt water shells of Great Britain. London: Edward Lumley. l + 267 pp.

Potiez V. L. V. & Michaud A. L. G. (1838-1844). Galerie des Mollusques ou catalogue méthodique, descriptif et raisonné des Mollusques et Coquilles du Muséum de Douai. Paris, Baillière. Vol. 1: pp. 560 + XXXV [1838
Vol. 2]
Aradas A. (1847). Descrizione delle conchiglie fossili di Gravitelli presso Messina. Atti dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali (2) 4: 57-88

Jeffreys_J.G._(1862-1869)._British_conchology._Vol._1:_pp._cxiv_+_341_[1862
_Vol._2:_pp._479_[1864.html" ;"title="862">Jeffreys J.G. (1862-1869). British conchology. Vol. 1: pp. cxiv + 341 [1862
Vol. 2: pp. 479 [1864">862">Jeffreys J.G. (1862-1869). British conchology. Vol. 1: pp. cxiv + 341 [1862
Vol. 2: pp. 479 [1864 Vol. 3: pp. 394 [1865]. Vol. 4: pp. 487 [1867]. Vol. 5: pp. 259 [1869]. London, van Voorst]
Pallary, P. (1920). Exploration scientifique du Maroc organisée par la Société de Géographie de Paris et continuée par la Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc. Deuxième fascicule. Malacologie. i>Larose, Rabat et Paris pp. 108. 1(1): map

Affenzeller S., Haar N. & Steiner G. (2017). Revision of the genus complex Gibbula: an integrative approach to delineating the Eastern Mediterranean genera Gibbula Risso, 1826, Steromphala Gray, 1847, and Phorcus Risso, 1826 using DNA-barcoding and geometric morphometrics (Vetigastropoda, Trochoidea). Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 17(4): 789-812.

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from1=Q61701154, from2=Q627713

cineraria ''Cineraria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, native primarily to southern Africa with a few species farther north. The genus includes herbaceous plants and small subshrubs. In the past, the genus was commonly viewed ...

Gastropods described in 1758 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Molluscs of the Atlantic Ocean Molluscs of the Mediterranean Sea Molluscs of the Azores Molluscs of the Canary Islands Fauna of the North Sea Invertebrates of North Africa