''Gibbaranea bituberculata'' is a species of 'orbweavers' belonging to the family

Araneidae Orb-weaver spiders are members of the spider family Araneidae. They are the most common group of builders of spiral wheel-shaped webs often found in gardens, fields, and forests. The English word "orb" can mean "circular", hence the English name ...

, subfamily Araneinae. This species has a

palearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Sibe ...

distribution and is present in most of

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

The adult males of these spiders reach of length, while females are long. They can be encountered in sunny habitats on shrubs, edges and low plants, where they can make their webs near the ground. Their basic color is very variable, but usually it is brownish, with whitish shades. The cephalothorax (

prosoma The cephalothorax, also called prosoma in some groups, is a tagma of various arthropods, comprising the head and the thorax fused together, as distinct from the abdomen behind. (The terms ''prosoma'' and ''opisthosoma'' are equivalent to ''cepha ...

) is quite broad, with lying down hair. In the female the abdomen (

opisthosoma The opisthosoma is the posterior part of the body in some arthropods, behind the prosoma (cephalothorax). It is a distinctive feature of the subphylum Chelicerata (arachnids, horseshoe crabs and others). Although it is similar in most respects to a ...

) is large and spherical, with two small holes. They have eight eyes, with four relatively large eyes in the middle.

Chelicerae The chelicerae () are the mouthparts of the subphylum Chelicerata, an arthropod group that includes arachnids, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. Commonly referred to as "jaws", chelicerae may be shaped as either articulated fangs, or similarly ...

are short and powerful, with teeth on the inside. The legs are moderately long and quite powerful.

Subspecies

* ''Gibbaranea bituberculata bituberculata'' * ''Gibbaranea bituberculata cuculligera'' (Simon, 1909) * ''Gibbaranea bituberculata strandiana'' (Kolosvary, 1936)

References

External links

Fauna Europaea

Biolib

Blocs.xtec.cat
{{taxonbar, from=Q1313502 Araneidae Spiders of Europe Spiders described in 1802 Palearctic spiders