''Geum coccineum'' is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''

Geum ''Geum'' , (Latinized Greek for "taste" referencing the roots of the plant) commonly called avens, is a genus of about 50 species of rhizomatous perennial plant, perennial herbaceous plants in the Rosaceae, rose family and its subfamily Rosoidea ...

'', in the rose family

Rosaceae Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera. The name is derived from the type genus ''Rosa''. Among the most species-rich genera are ''Alchemilla'' (270), ''Sorbus ...

. Native to the mountains of the

Balkans The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...

and northern Turkey, it is also grown ornamentally for its bright red flowers.

Nomenclature

In horticulture, it is also referred to as ''Geum borisii'', but in the botanical literature following J. Kellerer & Sünd. this name is only used for the hybrid ''Geum bulgaricum × montanum''. The name ''Geum coccineum'' is itself used in the gardening literature for another related plant: '' Geum chiloense'' .

Description

''Geum coccineum'' is herbaceous and perennial, growing to a height of 10–45cm. It blooms, with orange-red flowers, from May to August. The species is

hexaploid Polyploidy is a condition in which the cells of an organism have more than one pair of ( homologous) chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes, where each set contains ...

(with 2n=42), having six sets of chromosomes.

Distribution and habitat

The plant is found on wet, marshy meadows and along streams., . Damp forests also mentioned in . Within Turkey, the plant is found at elevations of 1200–2400m in a number of localities in the

Pontic Mountains The Pontic Mountains or Pontic Alps (Turkish language, Turkish: ''Kuzey Anadolu Dağları'', meaning North Anatolian Mountains) form a mountain range in northern Anatolia, Turkey. They are also known as the ''Parhar Mountains'' in the local Turki ...

(including Karagöl in the province of Gümüşhane,

Zigana Zigana may refer to : * Zigana Pass ( tr, Zigana Geçidi, link=no), a mountain pass in the Pontic Mountains og northeastern Anatolia, Turkey ** Zigana Tunnel (1988), through the pass ** Zigana Tunnel (2023), through the pass ** 2009 Zigana avalan ...

in Trabzon, and Cimil in Rize), in the

Erzurum Erzurum (; ) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters (6,233 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010. The city uses the double-headed eagle as ...

area, in the

Ilgaz Mountains Ilgaz Mountains ( tr, Ilgaz Dağları; grc, Ὄλγασσυς, Olgassys) is a mountain range in northwest Anatolia, Turkey. It belongs to the Pontic Mountains system. Geography In west Black Sea region, there are three ranges of mountains, ...

of Kastamonu Province, in Kütahya, and

Uludağ Uludağ (), the ancient Mysian or Bithynian Olympus (Greek: Όλυμπος), is a mountain in Bursa Province, Turkey, with an elevation of . In Turkish, ''Uludağ'' means "great mountain". In ancient times the range of which it is a part, ext ...

(Bithynian Olympus) in the province of Bursa. ''Geum coccineum'' grows in the mountains of Bulgaria (at elevations of 900–2300m in the western and central

Balkan Mountains The Balkan mountain range (, , known locally also as Stara planina) is a mountain range in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeastern Europe. The range is conventionally taken to begin at the peak of Vrashka Chuka on the border betw ...

, on

Vitosha Vitosha ( bg, Витоша ), the ancient ''Scomius'' or ''Scombrus'', is a mountain massif, on the outskirts of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. Vitosha is one of the symbols of Sofia and the closest site for hiking, alpinism and skiing. Conveni ...

Verila Verila Mountain ( bg, Верила ) is a minor range in Western Bulgaria extending 20 km in northwest–southeast direction between Vitosha and Rila Mountains and 12 km wide. Its summit Golyam Debelets Peak rises to 1415 m.Soviet military maK-34 ...

Sredna Gora Sredna Gora ( bg, Средна гора ) is a mountain range in central Bulgaria, situated south of and parallel to the Balkan Mountains and extending from the Iskar to the west and the elbow of Tundzha north of Yambol to the east. Sredna Gora i ...

Osogovo Osogovo (Bulgarian/ Macedonian: ), or Osogovska Planina or Osogovski Planini (Осоговска Планина or Осоговски Планини), is a mountain range and ski resort between the south-western part of Bulgaria (Kyustendil Provi ...

Rila Rila ( bg, Рила, ) is the highest mountain range of Bulgaria, the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula and Southeast Europe. It is situated in southwestern Bulgaria and forms part of the Rila–Rhodope Mountains, Rhodope Massif. The highest summit is Mus ...

Pirin , photo=Pirin-mountains-Bansko.jpg , photo_caption=Pirin scenery in winter , country= Bulgaria, , parent= , geology= granite, gneiss, marble, limestone , area_km2=2585 , range_coordinates = , length_km=80 , length_orientation= north-s ...

, Slavyanka, and the western and central

Rhodopes The Rhodopes (; bg, Родопи, ; el, Ροδόπη, ''Rodopi''; tr, Rodoplar) are a mountain range in Southeastern Europe, and the largest by area in Bulgaria, with over 83% of its area in the southern part of the country and the remainder in ...

), Serbia (the

), North Macedonia, and central Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is also present in the

Accursed Mountains The Accursed Mountains ( sq, Bjeshkët e Nemuna; sh-Cyrl-Latn, Проклетије, Prokletije, ; both translated as "Cursed Mountains"), also known as the Albanian Alps ( sq, Alpet Shqiptare), are a mountain group in the western part of the B ...

of Albania and Montenegro, This only mentions Montenegro (

Bogićevica Rops Bogićevica ( sr-cyrl, Богићевица; sq, Bogiçevica / Bogiqevica) is a mountain area in the Accursed Mountains mountain range. It spreads over Albania, Montenegro and Kosovo. It is about long and wide. The mountain area has a numb ...

+ central and north-eastern

Prokletije The Accursed Mountains ( sq, Bjeshkët e Nemuna; sh-Cyrl-Latn, Проклетије, Prokletije, ; both translated as "Cursed Mountains"), also known as the Albanian Alps ( sq, Alpet Shqiptare), are a mountain group in the western part of the B ...

). Even though such a delimitation strongly suggests presence in Kosovo, this is not mentioned in . From ''Atlas Florae Europaeae'' it is not clear if Kosovo is to be included, but the Albanian side of Prokletije falls visibly within the plant's native range. in the mountains of eastern Albania, and northern Greece (at 1300–2000m in northern

Pindus The Pindus (also Pindos or Pindhos; el, Πίνδος, Píndos; sq, Pindet; rup, Pindu) is a mountain range located in Northern Greece and Southern Albania. It is roughly 160 km (100 miles) long, with a maximum elevation of 2,637 metres ...

and mountains of Greek Macedonia:

Varnous Varnous or Varnoundas ( el, Βαρνούντας, also called ''Peristeri'') is a mountain in northern Florina regional unit, Greece, situated between the town of Florina and Lake Prespa, and just south of the border with North Macedonia. Its hig ...

Vitsi Vitsi ( el, Βίτσι) is a former municipality in Kastoria regional unit, West Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Kastoria, of which it is a municipal unit. It takes its name from Mount Vitsi ...

, Pieria, Vermio, Piperitsa,

Kajmakčalan Kajmakčalan (Kaimakchalan), or Kaimaki or Kaimaktsalan or Voras ( el, Καϊμακτσαλάν or or , mk, Каjмакчалан, translit=Kajmakčalan), is a mountain on the border between Greece and North Macedonia. It is the southernmost ...

and Tzena). It is grown decoratively (with several cultivars), and as a garden escapee it has become naturalised in isolated areas of Slovenia and

Saxony Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a landlocked state of ...

References

{{taxonbar , from=Q159989 coccineum Plants described in 1809