Thomas Gerard Healy (3 December 1913 – 14 December 1989) was a political activist, a co-founder of the
International Committee of the Fourth International and the leader of the
Socialist Labour League and later the
Workers Revolutionary Party.
Early career
Born in Ballybane,
Galway, Ireland, to Michael Healy, a farmer, and Margaret Mary Rabbitte, Gerry Healy emigrated to Britain and worked as a ship radio operator at the age of 14. He soon joined the
Communist Party of Great Britain
The Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) was the largest communist organisation in Britain and was founded in 1920 through a merger of several smaller Marxist groups. Many miners joined the CPGB in the 1926 general strike. In 1930, the CPG ...
, but then left to join the
Trotskyist Militant Group in 1937. He then left to become one of the founders of the
Workers International League, led by
Ted Grant,
Jock Haston and Ralph Lee.
Healy's period in the WIL was difficult and he threatened to resign several times and was actually expelled and readmitted. He was in the group when it fused with the
Revolutionary Socialist League to form the
Revolutionary Communist Party but grew closer to the leadership of the
Fourth International, effectively the leadership of the American
Socialist Workers Party, and their representative in Britain, Sam Gordon. They encouraged Healy to form a faction and to take that group into the
Labour Party. In 1950, he was rewarded as the RCP voted to dissolve itself into his faction which became known as
The Club.
In 1953, Healy joined the wing of the Fourth International led in part by
James P. Cannon
James Patrick Cannon (February 11, 1890 – August 21, 1974) was an American Trotskyist and a leader of the Socialist Workers Party.
Born on February 11, 1890, in Rosedale, Kansas, the son of Irish immigrants with strong socialist convictio ...
after the FI split into two competing wings. Healy's wing was the
International Committee of the Fourth International of which he soon became a leader, along with James P. Cannon and
Pierre Lambert, the leader of the French Section of the FI. The Club recruited a substantial number of former members of the
Communist Party of Great Britain
The Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) was the largest communist organisation in Britain and was founded in 1920 through a merger of several smaller Marxist groups. Many miners joined the CPGB in the 1926 general strike. In 1930, the CPG ...
after they became disillusioned with
Stalinism
Stalinism is the means of governing and Marxist-Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953 by Joseph Stalin. It included the creation of a one-party totalitarian police state, rapid industrialization, the theory ...
after the
Twentieth Congress of the Soviet Communist Party in February 1956 which brought
Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and Premier of the Soviet Union, chairm ...
's revelations about
Stalin and, later that year, the defeat of the
Hungarian Revolution. This qualitatively changed the ability of Healy's group to carry out activity and they launched ''The Newsletter'' as a regular weekly paper in 1958. The creation of the
Socialist Labour League was formally announced in February 1959,
[ ] and proscribed by the
Labour Party in late March that year, along with ''The Newsletter'', rendering anyone associated with Healy's group ineligible for membership of the Labour Party. Later in the year. Healy was excluded from the Streatham Constituency Labour Party, by which time the local party had been suspended, and the neighbouring
Norwood Labour Party was in the process of being re-organised because of the activities of SLL activists.
The SLL became the
Workers' Revolutionary Party in 1973.
Workers Revolutionary Party
In 1974, some 200 members around
Alan Thornett, then a leading militant in the automobile industry at Cowley, were expelled from the party. Part of this group would form the
Workers Socialist League. From this point, the
WRP lost members and became ever more isolated from the rest of the labour movement. Healy was known to have punched members of the party's central committee while theoretical discussions were in progress.
[ ]
However, the group remained sizeable and wealthy enough to produce a daily newspaper. Much of the money for the printing enterprise coming from subsidies and printing contracts with various Middle Eastern regimes as internal reports later proved. They supplemented their income by printing newspapers for leading figures of the Labour Left such as the ''
Labour Herald'' for
Ted Knight, a former member of the SLL, and
Ken Livingstone
Kenneth Robert Livingstone (born 17 June 1945) is an English politician who served as the Leader of the Greater London Council (GLC) from 1981 until the council was abolished in 1986, and as Mayor of London from the creation of the office i ...
, with whom Healy forged a friendship. The ''Herald'' also served as a vehicle for the WRP's limited
entryist
Entryism (also called entrism, enterism, or infiltration) is a political strategy in which an organisation or state encourages its members or supporters to join another, usually larger, organization in an attempt to expand influence and expand the ...
operation in this period. Healy's regime within The Club, SLL and WRP was marked by demands for a high level of activism. An exception to this requirement was made for participants in the cultural fronts the SLL set up to attract actors and writers, at least until they became full party members. This attracted prominent figures including
Vanessa Redgrave and
Frances de la Tour
Frances J. de Lautour (born 30 July 1944), better known as Frances de la Tour, is an English actress. She is known for her role as Miss Ruth Jones in the television sitcom ''Rising Damp'' from 1974 until 1978. She is a Tony Award winner and thr ...
, although they "were resented by many members of the WRP who felt they had parachuted into leading positions because of their fame and money."
Implosion of the WRP
In late October 1985, Healy was expelled from the WRP.
[ ]
By then, concern as to Healy's financial, political and intelligence links with the Libyan and Iraqi governments had risen within the party to the point at which it imploded, the final straw being assertions from Aileen Jennings. Jennings, Healy's former secretary and "close personal companion" over 19 years, revealed Healy's sexual abuse of female members of the WRP.
On the front page of ''Newsline'', which re-appeared after 12 days absence because of the internal dispute,
she wrote in an open letter that flats owned by the party were used in a "completely opportunist way for sexual liaisons" by Healy, who had used his status "to degrade women and girl comrades and destroy their self respect".
[ ]
Healy described the allegations as a smokescreen for those who had become disappointed with revolutionary politics, following the defeat of the miners' strike, although the involvement of the WRP in the strike was reportedly minimal.
After
Michael Banda, the general secretary of the party, publicly commented that Healy had probably sexually abused more than 26 women,
[ ] Vanessa Redgrave said at a press conference that "these allegations are all lies and the women who are supposed to have made them are all liars. I don't care whether it's 26, 36 or 236. They are all liars".
[ ] She denounced her former colleague: "This is part of a political frame-up by Mr Banda who wants to dissolve the WRP because he has moved to the right".
As a result of these developments, the WRP collapsed into eight or nine competing groups.
[ One fragment produced a version of their daily paper headlined "Healy Expelled", while Healy's WRP produced a totally different version. Healy's WRP continued until what he saw as unconstitutional manoeuvres by the Torrance leadership led him to form another new group. Formed in 1987, the Marxist Party had very few members, but did retain the allegiance of Vanessa and Corin Redgrave. One faction within the WRP supported the perspective advanced by the ICFI and Workers League National Secretary David North. They formed the WRP (Internationalist), later renamed the International Communist Party and, in 1996, the Socialist Equality Party.
Ken Livingstone, the Labour Party left-winger who later became Mayor of London, said he believed in 1994 that the split was the work of MI5. Party member and '']The News Line
''The News Line'' is a daily newspaper published by a British Trotskyist group, the Workers' Revolutionary Party.
History
The paper was launched in 1969 as ''Workers Press'' and renamed ''News Line'' in 1976.
For a time during the 1980s, the ...
'' editor John Spencer rejected the idea, writing in ''The Guardian'':Livingstone apparently cannot accept that a majority of WRP members in 1985 felt their first loyalty was to the party. They felt that the female members of the party staff who were victims of Healy's callous and cynical mistreatment were entitled to support against him. It is scurrilous for Livingstone to insinuate a link between the WRP majority and the security service. If he believed what he claims he would submit the issue to the verdict of a labour movement jury as has been the practice of revolutionaries since the 19th century. Until he does, he should be treated as a witch-hunter.
Geoff Barr wrote in 1994:The trouble is that the evidence of sexual exploitation by Healy is too strong. Those who play a role in socialist politics must not abuse their positions of power. Livingstone says that MI5 destroyed the old WRP because its close alliance with the Labour left during the miners strike of 1984–5 was a threat to the establishment. Those who were active then will tell a different story. Healy kept his movement out of the support committees which backed the NUM. His was a sectarian body, it offered little to the miners and it made minimal gains in the strike. It was no threat to anybody.
In his old age, Healy would claim that the disintegration of the WRP was due to the intervention of MI5. He also declared that Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet politician who served as the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to dissolution of the Soviet Union, the country's dissolution in 1991. He served a ...
was leading the political revolution in the USSR. Healy died at the age of 76 from natural causes.
Healy has often been criticised for the WRP's internal regime which did not allow members to challenge his ideas or policies. While enjoying a financially comfortable life himself, he allowed some of his most committed activists to live in poverty.
Healy was depicted as "Frank Hood of the Hoodlums" in Tariq Ali's satire, ''Redemption
Redemption may refer to:
Religion
* Redemption (theology), an element of salvation to express deliverance from sin
* Redemptive suffering, a Roman Catholic belief that suffering can partially remit punishment for sins if offered to Jesus
* Pi ...
'' (1990). The character John Tagg, played by Laurence Olivier in Trevor Griffiths' 1973 play at the National Theatre, ''The Party'', was also based on Healy.
Personal life
He married Betty Russell in December 1941: the couple had a daughter, Mary and a son, Alan. He had affairs with Swiss-British Trotskyist Betty Hamilton and with his political secretary Aileen Jennings.
References
Sources
* Christophe Le Dréau, "Repères pour une histoire du trotskisme britannique, 1925–2005", ''Communisme'', 2006, 87, numéro spécial "Regards sur le communisme britannique", pp. 149–60.
Further reading
*
*
External links
The Gerry Healy Archive
contains a selection of his writings, primarily from the 1980s.
provides a bio-bibliographical sketch on Gerry Healy
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Healy, Gerry
1913 births
1989 deaths
Communist Party of Great Britain members
Irish emigrants to the United Kingdom
Irish Trotskyists
People from Galway (city)
Political sex scandals in the United Kingdom
Revolutionary Communist Party (UK, 1944) members
Workers Revolutionary Party (UK) members
Irish political party founders