The German Orthographic Conference of 1901 (the Berlin II Orthographic Conference; german: Zweite Orthographische Konferenz or ') took place in Berlin from 17 until 19 June 1901. The results of the conference became official in the
German Empire in 1902.
[Edited by Werner Besch, Anne Betten, Oskar Reichmann, Stefan Sonderegger: ''Sprachgeschichte: Ein Handbuch zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und ihrer Erforschung – 2., vollständig neu bearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage – 3. Teilband'' (''Hanbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft'', Band 2.3), Walter de Gruyter, 2003, p. 2495 (chapter "Geschichte der Interpunktionssysteme im Deutschen").]
The standardized
German spelling
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
that resulted from the conference was largely based on the
Prussian
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an e ...
school spelling, but also on the
Orthographic Conference of 1876
Orthographic may refer to:
* anything related to Orthography, a linguistic discipline that studies and regulates writing systems of particular languages.
** Orthographic reform
** Orthographic transcription
** Orthographic variant
** Orthographic ...
.
The conference results removed numerous existing variant forms.
Soon after the conference, its results were criticized by people who believed there should be further changes.
The spelling was used in
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
,
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
and
Switzerland, apart from the replacement of ''
ß'' with ''ss'' in Switzerland in later years.
The ''Erziehungsrat des Kantons Zürich'' stopped the teaching of ''ß'' in schools in 1935 with the Kanton Zürich being the first to do so, and the ''
Neue Zürcher Zeitung'' as last Swiss newspaper stopped using ''ß'' in 1974. However, some Swiss book publishers still use ''ß''.
[Edited by Gerhard Helbig, Lutz Götze, Gert Henrici, Hans-Jürgen Krumm: ''Deutsch als Fremdsprache. Ein internationales Handbuch. 1. Halbband''. Walter de Gruyter, 2001, p. 496f.]
It was not until 95 years later that the German spelling was changed with a
reform in 1996.
Encoding
The
IETF language tag
An IETF BCP 47 language tag is a standardized code or tag that is used to identify human languages in the Internet. The tag structure has been standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in ''Best Current Practice (BCP) 47''; the s ...
s have registered for "Traditional German orthography".
References
German orthography reforms
{{Germanic-lang-stub