''Geosiris'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
in the flowering plant family
Iridaceae
Iridaceae is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises, meaning rainbow, referring to its many colours. There are 66 accepted genera with a total of c. 2244 species worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016). It include ...
, first described in 1894. It was thought for many years to contain only one species, ''
Geosiris aphylla'',
endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...
to
Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
. But then in 2010, a second species was described, ''
Geosiris albiflora
''Geosiris'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Iridaceae, first described in 1894. It was thought for many years to contain only one species, '' Geosiris aphylla'', endemic to Madagascar. But then in 2010, a second species was described, ' ...
,'' from
Mayotte Island
Mayotte (; french: Mayotte, ; Shimaore: ''Maore'', ; Kibushi: ''Maori'', ), officially the Department of Mayotte (french: Département de Mayotte), is an overseas department and region and single territorial collectivity of France. It is loc ...
in the
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by th ...
northwest of
Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
. In 2017, a third species was found in
Queensland
)
, nickname = Sunshine State
, image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = Australia
, established_title = Before federation
, established_ ...
, Australia, ''
Geosiris australiensis
''Geosiris'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Iridaceae, first described in 1894. It was thought for many years to contain only one species, '' Geosiris aphylla'', endemic to Madagascar. But then in 2010, a second species was described, ' ...
'' .
''Geosiris aphylla'' is sometimes called the "earth-iris." It is a small
myco-heterotroph lacking
chlorophyll
Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words , ("pale green") and , ("leaf"). Chlorophyll allow plants to a ...
and obtaining its nutrients from fungi in the soil. The genus name is derived from the
Greek words ''geos'', meaning "earth", and ''iris'', referring to the Iris family of plants.
Its
rhizome
In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (; , ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow hori ...
s are slender and scaly, and stems are simple or branched. The leaves are alternate, but having no use, are reduced and scale-like. The flowers are light purple.
In 1939,
F. P. Jonker assigned ''Geosiris'' to its own family Geosiridaceae in
Orchidales, and this was adopted in the
Cronquist system, with a note that the family was closely related to
Iridaceae
Iridaceae is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises, meaning rainbow, referring to its many colours. There are 66 accepted genera with a total of c. 2244 species worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016). It include ...
or
Burmanniaceae
Burmanniaceae is a Family (biology), family of flowering plants, consisting of 99 species of herbaceous plants in eight genera.
Description
These plants are annual or perennial herbs, with generally unbranched stems, some lacking leaves. Some m ...
. The
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has since subsumed the family into Iridaceae; it is currently placed in the monotypic subfamily Geosiridoideae.
References
External links
Missouri Botanical Garden photo of ''Geosiris'' flowers
Iridaceae
Iridaceae genera
Parasitic plants
Taxa named by Henri Ernest Baillon
{{iridaceae-stub