The Georgian numerals are the system of
number names
In linguistics, a numeral (or number word) in the broadest sense is a word or phrase that describes a numerical quantity. Some theories of grammar use the word "numeral" to refer to cardinal numbers that act as a determiner that specify the quan ...
used in
Georgian
Georgian may refer to:
Common meanings
* Anything related to, or originating from Georgia (country)
** Georgians, an indigenous Caucasian ethnic group
** Georgian language, a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians
**Georgian scripts, three scrip ...
, a language spoken in the country of
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to the ...
. The Georgian numerals from 30 to 99 are constructed using a base-20 system, similar to the scheme used in
Basque
Basque may refer to:
* Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France
* Basque language, their language
Places
* Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France
* Basque Country (autonomous co ...
,
French for numbers 80 through 99, or the notion of the ''
score'' in English.
The symbols for numbers in modern Georgian texts are the same
Arabic numerals
Arabic numerals are the ten numerical digits: , , , , , , , , and . They are the most commonly used symbols to write Decimal, decimal numbers. They are also used for writing numbers in other systems such as octal, and for writing identifiers ...
used in English, except that the comma is used as the
decimal separator
A decimal separator is a symbol used to separate the integer part from the fractional part of a number written in decimal form (e.g., "." in 12.45). Different countries officially designate different symbols for use as the separator. The choi ...
, and digits in large numbers are divided into groups of three using spaces or periods (full stops). An older method for writing numerals exists in which most of letters of the
Georgian alphabet (including some obsolete letters) are each assigned a numeric value.
[Makharoblidze (2009), p. 7]
Cardinal numbers
The Georgian cardinal numerals up to ten are primitives, as are the words for 20 and 100, and also "
million
One million (1,000,000), or one thousand thousand, is the natural number following 999,999 and preceding 1,000,001. The word is derived from the early Italian ''millione'' (''milione'' in modern Italian), from ''mille'', "thousand", plus the au ...
", "
billion
Billion is a word for a large number, and it has two distinct definitions:
*1,000,000,000, i.e. one thousand million, or (ten to the ninth power), as defined on the short scale. This is its only current meaning in English.
* 1,000,000,000,000, i. ...
", etc. (The word for 1000, though, is not a primitive.) Other cardinal numbers are formed from these primitives via a mixture of decimal (base-10) and vigesimal (base-20) structural principles.
The following chart shows the nominative forms of the primitive numbers. Except for ''rva'' (8) and ''tskhra'' (9), these words are all consonant-final stems and may lose the final ''i'' in certain situations.
Numbers from 11 to 19 are formed from 1 through 9, respectively, by prefixing ''t'' (a shortened form of ''ati,'' 10) and adding ''met'i'' (= more). In some cases, the prefixed ''t'' coalesces with the initial consonant of the root word to form a single consonant (''t + s → ts; t + š → č; t + ts → ts''), or induces
metathesis in the root (''t + rv → tvr'').
[Hewitt (1995), pp. 51–54.]
Numbers between 20 and 99 use a vigesimal (base-20) system (comparable to 60–99 in
French). 40, 60, and 80 are formed using 2, 3, and 4 (respectively), linked to the word for 20 by ''m'' (a vestigial multiplicative):
Any other number between 21 and 99 is formed using 20, 40, 60, or 80, dropping the final ''i,'' then adding ''da'' (= and) followed by the appropriate number from 1 to 19;
e.g.:
The hundreds are formed by linking 2, 3, . . ., 10 directly to the word for 100 (without the multiplicative ''m'' used for 40, 60, and 80). 1000 is expressed as ''atasi'' (10 x 100), and multiples of 1000 are expressed using ''atasi'' — so, for example, 2000 is ''ori atasi'' (2 x 10 x 100).
The final ''i'' is dropped when a smaller number is added to a multiple of 100;
e.g.:
Ordinal numerals
Numeric values of letters
![1846 Georgian inscription at Motsameta monastery](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/1846_Georgian_inscription_at_Motsameta_monastery.jpg)
The Georgian numeral system ( ka, ქართული ანბანის სათვალავი) is a
system of representing numbers using letters of the
Georgian alphabet.
Numerical values in this system are obtained by simple addition of the component numerals, which are written greatest-to-least from left to right (e.g., ჩღჲთ = 1769, ჩყპზ = 1887, ციბ = 2012).
*Both letters ჳ
and უ
are equal to 400 in numerical value.
These letters have no numerical value.
See also
*
Georgian calendar
The Georgian calendar ( ka, ქართული კალენდარი) is the ancient or modern calendar of Georgia.
Though Georgia now uses the modern Gregorian calendar, the old names corresponding to the months are still used.
Old ...
Notes
References
*
*
*
{{Georgian language
Numerals
Georgian language
Georgian scripts