George W. Hotchkiss

George Woodward Hotchkiss (October 16, 1831 – March 1, 1926) was a nineteenth-century pioneer lumber dealer businessman and journalist who wrote on the lumber industry. He was the co-founder and editor of several newspapers, including the world's first lumber journal '' Lumberman's Gazette''. He helped publish a lumber trade manual that sold 40,000 copies. Hotchkiss is considered the father of lumber periodicals.

Hotchkiss was one of the California " forty-niners" that prospected for gold. He was a signer of the petition for California statehood. He opened the first trading post in Sacramento County, California. When he was 18 years old he took a 154-day sailing trip around the southernmost tip of South America.

Early years and education

Hotchkiss was born on October 16, 1831 in New Haven, Connecticut. His parents were Ellas Woodward and Almira Woodward Hotchkiss. He had four brothers and four sisters, and was the sixth child in the family. Hotchkiss was of English and Welsh ancestry; his ancestors were Huguenots who emigrated to Switzerland and from there went with the Plymouth colony to America, settling at Guilford, Connecticut. Hotchkiss as a child attended the Lancasterian School in New Haven for his initial training. He later attended the Russell Military Academy of New Haven as a teenager for two years.

Mid-life and business career

Hotchkiss left the Russell Military Academy in June 1848, just before he was 17 years old. He went to work for his older brother Thomas as a clerk and bookkeeper. His brother had taken over their father's lumber yard in New Haven the year before. Prompted by the California gold rush, Hotchkiss went to that state in the spring of 1849. The 154-day sailing trip from the east coast involved going around Cape Horn, the southernmost tip of South America where the Atlantic and Pacific oceans meet. The voyage ended in San Francisco with many other gold-seekers, who were known as "forty-niners". In California he worked as a clerk of a general store in Sacramento for about a year, then opened the first trading post in the Greenwood Valley near Sacramento in early 1850. In that year he was one of the signers of the petition for California statehood application.

Hotchkiss in his own 1898 book ''History of lumber and of the forest industry of Northwest'' gives a autobiographical account of his life in the 1850s. He explains that he returned to Connecticut late in 1850 with just 25 cents in his pocket. He was hoping to return to California, funded from the profits of an investment in a dam on the American River. The investment did not pay out and in early 1851 he went to Port Dover, Ontario, Canada, where he joined his brother-in-law Henry Wheeler as a lumber dealer serving the Albany, New York, market. He purchased Wheeler's business at Albany in 1855 and added grain commodities as a marketing product. He continued operating the business until 1862 when merchants of the United States were compelled to stop their Canadian operations due to the events of the American Civil War. Hotchkiss then went to Buffalo, New York, for a short break from business. He then took a job as the manager for a Buffalo-based company that had the first barge line on the Great Lakes that operated to Saginaw, Michigan. Hotchkiss moved to nearby Bay City, Michigan, in late 1862.

The firm out of Buffalo was Noyes & Reed, which had three rebuilt steamboats in its fleet of barges, which were used for hauling large quantities of lumber. Railroad lines were soon built on the south side of Lake Erie. They took all of the lumber traffic and barges were no longer needed. In late 1863, Hotchkiss joined with Andrew H. Hunter to form Hunter & Hotchkiss, a lumber dealer. Their successful business was joined by William Mercer and became Hunter, Hotchkiss, and Company, which towed log booms from Tobico Bay and the Rifle River to Bay City to turn into lumber. While living in Bay City, Hotchkiss was an alderman and town supervisor. In 1866, Hotchkiss & Mercer contracted to build a plank road from Bay City to Midland, Michigan. They built a sawmill in the town of Williams, Michigan, about halfway between the two cities. The loss of two rafts of logs on Saginaw Bay and bad weather caused the company to go bankrupt. Hotchkiss then established a sawmill and surrounding village in northern Michigan, but it was subsequently destroyed by a fire in 1874.

In 1869, between some of his business efforts with lumber, Hotchkiss took employment at the editorial department of the ''Saginaw Daily Courier'', which was his first job in journalism. He was associated with another writer, Henry S. Dow, and they started publishing the ''Lumberman's Gazette'' in 1872. It was the world's first journal dedicated to just the lumber industry. Hotchkiss became its editor in 1875. He was also an editor for ''The Bay City Journal'' at intervals from 1871 to 1876.

He went to Chicago in 1877 to work as an assistant editorial writer for the '' Northwestern Lumberman'', where he prepared a ''Lumberman's Handbook of Inspection and Grading'', which sold over 40,000 copies nationwide. Hotchkiss, typical among the first generation of lumber journalists, wrote much about the manufacturing part of the lumber industry. The Lumberman's Exchange of Chicago, an influential group in the industry, elected Hotchkiss to the position of executive secretary in 1881, a post that he held until 1887. Together with Walter C. Wright, he bought the ''Lumber Trade Journal'' in 1887; although Hotchkiss was nominally president and editor of the publication for the next two decades, frequent ill health meant that Wright bore most of the management burden.

Personal life

Hotchkiss married Elizabeth St. John of Ellsworth, Connecticut, on August 18, 1856. They had a son and a daughter. In 1856 Hotchkiss joined and became very involved in the Masonic Order; he served as secretary in two of its chapters and was one of the Order's oldest members in Illinois. He was also a member and recorder of the Knights Templar. Hotchkiss was a Presbyterian and a member of the Second Presbyterian Church in Evanston, Illinois.

Later life and death

Hotchkiss lived the last 48 years of his life in Evanston, Illinois. There he managed the ''Evanston Press'', a weekly publication. A Jeffersonian Democrat throughout his life, during the 1890s he was elected as both a supervisor and a justice of the peace in Evanston, which at the time was a town dominated by the Republican Party. He was secretary of the Illinois Lumber Dealers Association from 1891 to 1918.

He retired a few years after a 78-year career as a lumberman, and has been considered the "father" of lumber periodicals in the lumber world since then. In later life, Hotchkiss was said to be 'the oldest living lumber man' and the 'last of the 49ers'. On August 14, 1921, Hotchkiss, at the age of 90, and his wife celebrated their 65th wedding anniversary at their home in Evanston. He died at the age of 94 on March 1, 1926.

Hotchkiss had gathered at his home the last 16 of the original forty-niners. As a group they vowed to eulogized each other at each successive funeral when one died. Hotchkiss was the last to go and there was no one left to speak for him as he had outlived them all.

See also

* John Mason Loomis—noted industrialist in the lumber business during the 19th century

References

Citations

Bibliography

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* Editor's Introduction.
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Further reading

* Flader, Susan (1983)
Great Lakes Forest: Environmental & Social History
University of Minnesota Press
* Williams, Michael (1992)
Americas and Forests: A Historical Geography
Cambridge University Press
* Dickmann, Donald I.; Leefers, Larry A.(2016
The Forests of Michigan
University of Michigan Press

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hotchkiss, George W.
1831 births
1926 deaths
Writers from Evanston, Illinois
People from Bay City, Michigan
Businesspeople from New Haven, Connecticut
People of the California Gold Rush
Journalists from Illinois
Journalists from Michigan
19th-century American businesspeople
Businesspeople in timber
Jeffersonian democracy