George Henry Caunter (24 February 1791 – 6 August 1843) was an
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ide ...
judge and miscellaneous writer. Having been President of the
Vice Admiralty Court
Vice Admiralty Courts were juryless courts located in British colonies that were granted jurisdiction over local legal matters related to maritime activities, such as disputes between merchants and seamen.
American Colonies
American maritime ac ...
in
Mauritius
Mauritius ( ; french: Maurice, link=no ; mfe, label= Mauritian Creole, Moris ), officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent, east of Madagascar. It ...
, he was convicted in
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
of
bigamy
In cultures where monogamy is mandated, bigamy is the act of entering into a marriage with one person while still legally married to another. A legal or de facto separation of the couple does not alter their marital status as married persons. I ...
and, returning to England, wrote about music and other topics.
Life
George Henry was born into Devonshire gentry in the South Devon village of Dittisham. He was the eldest child of
George Caunter
George Caunter (c. June 1758 – 25 December 1811) was a British administrator who governed Prince of Wales Island (Penang Island) as Acting Superintendent from 1797 to 1798 and again from 1798 to 1800. As First Assistant under Lieutenant-Gove ...
of
Staverton and Harriett Georgina, née Hutchings, of Dittisham. His father went to the East when his son was about four years old and became acting superintendent of
Prince of Wales Island - today Penang, Malaysia. His wife soon joined him and died there in childbirth in 1798.
In 1810 the British captured the Indian Ocean island of
Isle de France, which became the
Crown Colony of Mauritius. The following year Caunter, who had acquired a mastery of French while living in France as a teenager, was appointed superintendent of the press as well as sworn translator and interpreter to the government in Mauritius. He became assistant in the Treasury office in June 1812 and was granted leave in that year to travel to Prince of Wales Island to administer the estate of his father, who had died at the end of 1811. He returned to Mauritius and in 1813 married a French politician's daughter, Mauritius-born Aurélie Bestel "who, according to a miniature of her playing the harp, was very beautiful". In 1818, Caunter was working as an advocate in the Vice Admiralty Court, and in March of that year the acting governor,
Hall, appointed him Judge of the court after having dismissed his predecessor, judge Smith, whom Hall considered reluctant to suppress the trafficking of slaves to Mauritius. In his capacity as judge, Caunter was involved in the British attempts to suppress the slave trade. According to the newspaper ''John Bull'', he quitted Mauritius when the British government restored Smith to his former office.
In 1819 Caunter travelled to England with his brother-in-law, Nicolas Gustave Bestel, later acting Chief Judge of the Supreme Court of Mauritius. Although his wife and two infant sons remained in Mauritius, he stayed in England over the next years. In 1824 he went to Paris to research an intended publication on musical theory. It was here that he met and proceeded to marry a young woman, Pauline Brie. In October 1825, only months after the marriage, her father found out from Caunter's brother-in-law that Caunter was already married. Charged with
bigamy
In cultures where monogamy is mandated, bigamy is the act of entering into a marriage with one person while still legally married to another. A legal or de facto separation of the couple does not alter their marital status as married persons. I ...
, Caunter alleged that he had originally been married in
Madras in 1811, to a woman who was ill when he left for Mauritius. He had kept quiet about her there to avoid opprobrium for having married a
Creole woman. He had received news of her death and had married Aurélie Bestel. Finding out later that his first wife had not died until after he had married Aurélie, he considered his marriage to the latter to be legally void. This, he argued, allowed him to marry Mlle Brie legally in Paris.
The French court allowed Caunter to seek proof of his Madras marriage from the British colonial authorities, Caunter meanwhile remaining in custody in
La Force Prison
La Force Prison was a French prison located in the Rue du Roi de Sicile, in what is now the 4th arrondissement of Paris. Originally known as the Hôtel de la Force, the buildings formed the private residence of Henri-Jacques Nompar de Caumont, duc ...
for three years. As proof was not forthcoming, he was finally convicted in 1828 and sentenced to seven years' forced labour. A witness at the trial declared that "Mr Canning
George_Canning">/nowiki>George_Canning,_the_British_Prime_Minister_from_April_to_August_1827.html" ;"title="George_Canning.html" ;"title="/nowiki>/nowiki>George_Canning,_the_British_Prime_Minister_from_April_to_August_1827">George_Canning.html"_;"title="/nowiki>George_Canning">/nowiki>George_Canning,_the_British_Prime_Minister_from_April_to_August_1827himself_intervened_on_behalf_of_Mr_Caunter"_while_the_latter_was_in_custody._The_''Gazette_des_tribunaux''_concluded_its_detailed_coverage_of_the_trial_with_the_observation_that_"The_accused,_whose_features_are_regular_and_whose_physiognomy_is_remarkable,_maintained_the_most_profound_calm_throughout_the_proceedings_and_even_on_hearing_the_verdict."_The_British_embassy_obtained_a_commutation_of_the_sentence_to_banishment,_and_in_1829_Caunter_returned_to_England._The_case_attracted_the_attention_of_the_international_press.
In_the_years_that_followed,_Caunter_participated_in_the_cultural_life_of_London_and_was_active_as_a_reviewer,_editor,_composer,_music_performer,_translator_and_writer._About_1837_he_moved_to_Gloucester,_where_over_the_years_he_gave_series_of_talks_on_such_subjects_as_
/nowiki>George_Canning,_the_British_Prime_Minister_from_April_to_August_1827">George_Canning.html"_;"title="/nowiki>George_Canning">/nowiki>George_Canning,_the_British_Prime_Minister_from_April_to_August_1827himself_intervened_on_behalf_of_Mr_Caunter"_while_the_latter_was_in_custody._The_''Gazette_des_tribunaux''_concluded_its_detailed_coverage_of_the_trial_with_the_observation_that_"The_accused,_whose_features_are_regular_and_whose_physiognomy_is_remarkable,_maintained_the_most_profound_calm_throughout_the_proceedings_and_even_on_hearing_the_verdict."_The_British_embassy_obtained_a_commutation_of_the_sentence_to_banishment,_and_in_1829_Caunter_returned_to_England._The_case_attracted_the_attention_of_the_international_press.
In_the_years_that_followed,_Caunter_participated_in_the_cultural_life_of_London_and_was_active_as_a_reviewer,_editor,_composer,_music_performer,_translator_and_writer._About_1837_he_moved_to_Gloucester,_where_over_the_years_he_gave_series_of_talks_on_such_subjects_as_animal_magnetism">mesmerism
_
Animal_magnetism,_also_known_as_mesmerism,_was_a__protoscientific_theory_developed_by_German_doctor__Franz_Mesmer_in_the_18th_century_in_relation_to_what_he_claimed_to_be_an_invisible_natural_force_(''Lebensmagnetismus'')_possessed_by_all_liv_...
_and_the_"poetry_of_sound"_to_the_Gloucester_Literary_and_Scientific_Association_and_the_Mechanics'_Institution._In_1842_he_conceived_and_helped_organise_a_performance_of_sacred_music,_at_which_he_played_the_
/nowiki>George_Canning,_the_British_Prime_Minister_from_April_to_August_1827">George_Canning.html"_;"title="/nowiki>George_Canning">/nowiki>George_Canning,_the_British_Prime_Minister_from_April_to_August_1827himself_intervened_on_behalf_of_Mr_Caunter"_while_the_latter_was_in_custody._The_''Gazette_des_tribunaux''_concluded_its_detailed_coverage_of_the_trial_with_the_observation_that_"The_accused,_whose_features_are_regular_and_whose_physiognomy_is_remarkable,_maintained_the_most_profound_calm_throughout_the_proceedings_and_even_on_hearing_the_verdict."_The_British_embassy_obtained_a_commutation_of_the_sentence_to_banishment,_and_in_1829_Caunter_returned_to_England._The_case_attracted_the_attention_of_the_international_press.
In_the_years_that_followed,_Caunter_participated_in_the_cultural_life_of_London_and_was_active_as_a_reviewer,_editor,_composer,_music_performer,_translator_and_writer._About_1837_he_moved_to_Gloucester,_where_over_the_years_he_gave_series_of_talks_on_such_subjects_as_animal_magnetism">mesmerism
_
Animal_magnetism,_also_known_as_mesmerism,_was_a__protoscientific_theory_developed_by_German_doctor__Franz_Mesmer_in_the_18th_century_in_relation_to_what_he_claimed_to_be_an_invisible_natural_force_(''Lebensmagnetismus'')_possessed_by_all_liv_...
_and_the_"poetry_of_sound"_to_the_Gloucester_Literary_and_Scientific_Association_and_the_Mechanics'_Institution._In_1842_he_conceived_and_helped_organise_a_performance_of_sacred_music,_at_which_he_played_the_cello">violoncello
_
The_cello_(_;_plural_''celli''_or_''cellos'')_or_violoncello_(_;_)_is_a_bowed_(sometimes__plucked_and_occasionally_hit)__string_instrument_of_the__violin_family._Its_four_strings_are_usually__tuned_in_perfect_fifths:_from_low_to_high,__C2,_G2,_D_...
,_at_St_Mary_de_Crypt_Church,_Gloucester.html" "title="cello.html" "title="animal_magnetism.html" "title="George Canning">/nowiki>George Canning, the British Prime Minister from April to August 1827">George_Canning.html" ;"title="/nowiki>George Canning">/nowiki>George Canning, the British Prime Minister from April to August 1827himself intervened on behalf of Mr Caunter" while the latter was in custody. The ''Gazette des tribunaux'' concluded its detailed coverage of the trial with the observation that "The accused, whose features are regular and whose physiognomy is remarkable, maintained the most profound calm throughout the proceedings and even on hearing the verdict." The British embassy obtained a commutation of the sentence to banishment, and in 1829 Caunter returned to England. The case attracted the attention of the international press.
In the years that followed, Caunter participated in the cultural life of London and was active as a reviewer, editor, composer, music performer, translator and writer. About 1837 he moved to Gloucester, where over the years he gave series of talks on such subjects as animal magnetism">mesmerism
Animal magnetism, also known as mesmerism, was a protoscientific theory developed by German doctor Franz Mesmer in the 18th century in relation to what he claimed to be an invisible natural force (''Lebensmagnetismus'') possessed by all liv ...
and the "poetry of sound" to the Gloucester Literary and Scientific Association and the Mechanics' Institution. In 1842 he conceived and helped organise a performance of sacred music, at which he played the cello">violoncello