George I. Eacker ( 1774 – January 4, 1804) was a New York lawyer. He is best known for having fatally shot

Philip Hamilton Philip Hamilton (January 22, 1782 – November 24, 1801) was the eldest child of Alexander Hamilton, the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, and Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton. He died at age 19, fatally s ...

, the eldest son of

Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first United States secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795. Born out of wedlock in Charlest ...

and

Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton Elizabeth Hamilton (née Schuyler ; August 9, 1757 – November 9, 1854), also called Eliza or Betsey, was an American socialite and philanthropist. Married to American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, she was a defender of his works and co- ...

, in a

duel A duel is an arranged engagement in combat between two people, with matched weapons, in accordance with agreed-upon Code duello, rules. During the 17th and 18th centuries (and earlier), duels were mostly single combats fought with swords (the r ...

on November 23, 1801, in

Weehawken Weehawken is a township in the northern part of Hudson County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is located largely on the Hudson Palisades overlooking the Hudson River. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 17,197.

, New Jersey.

Early life and education

Eacker was born in Palatine, New York. He was the son of Jacob Eacker, who fought in the American Revolutionary War, American Revolution and served as a county judge and a member of the New York State Assembly, and Anna Margaret Finck, daughter of Andreas Finck. He had one younger brother, Jacob I., and four sisters. He attended a preparatory school in Schenectady, New York, and graduated from Columbia College (New York), Columbia College in 1793. He then studied law under Henry Brockholst Livingston, a future Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

Career

Eacker was admitted to the New York bar at 21. He soon built his practice in Manhattan into a lucrative business, which allowed him to take a house on Wall Street and to employ a married couple as his valet and housekeeper. He gained popularity in New York City's well-to-do social circles as a lawyer, Freemason, cavalry captain, and fire brigade inspector. For an unknown offense in 1798, which the historian Eric Henry Monkkonen interprets as an earlier duel or conflict, Eacker appeared in court and paid a recognizance, likely as a bond for good behavior. In 1801, Eacker was appointed as a master in the New York Court of Chancery, which was the highest court in the state.

Duels with Price and Philip Hamilton

Eacker was selected in 1801 to deliver the Fourth of July oration at an Independence Day (United States), Independence Day celebration held in New York City by a brigade of the New York State Militia, the Tammany Society, and two of the city's labor organizations: the General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen of the City of New York, Mechanics' Society and Coopers' Society. The Tammany Society, better known as Tammany Hall, was a Democratic-Republican Party political organization that Aaron Burr had built into a political machine. In politics, Eacker was known to be aligned with Burr. According to a supporter, the speech that Eacker delivered was commended by "nearly everybody" except for partisans who were "blinded... to every virtue" by "party spirit, which at that time was very bitter." Some accounts questioned whether the speech was critical of

, as was later characterized. According to a 19th-century historian who relied on Eacker's younger brother as a source, the speech was entirely patriotic and did not name or allude to Hamilton. On November 20, 1801, a Friday night, Eacker attended a play at the Park Theatre (Manhattan), Park Theatre with his fiancée Harriet Livingston Fulton, Harriet Livingston, a daughter of Walter Livingston and Cornelia Schuyler.

, the eldest son of Alexander Hamilton, and Stephen Price (theatre manager), Stephen Price approached or entered Eacker's box (theatre), box together and loudly ridiculed him. Eacker called them "damned rascals." In response to that insult, as was then common, both challenged Eacker to a duel. Price faced the 27-year-old Eacker in a duel in Weehawken, New Jersey, on November 22. Four shots were exchanged, but neither party was injured. At the same location on the following day, Eacker fatally shot the 19-year-old Hamilton in a second duel. Hamilton refused to raise his pistol to fire after he and Eacker had counted ten paces and faced each other. Hamilton followed his father's instructions to reserve his fire. Eacker, determined to fire second, did not shoot. After a minute, Eacker finally raised his pistol, and Hamilton did the same. Eacker shot and struck Philip above his right hip. The bullet went through his body and lodged in his left arm. In what may have been an involuntary spasm, Hamilton fired his pistol in the air. In a letter to Rufus King, Robert Troup wrote of Alexander Hamilton, "Never did I see a man so completely overwhelmed with grief as Hamilton had been." Nevertheless, he was said to be civil and professional in his later relationship with Eacker. Hamilton would die in a Burr–Hamilton duel, duel with Aaron Burr only a few years later, on July 11, 1804, on the same dueling ground in Weehawken.

Death and legacy

Eacker died on January 4, 1804. His death was attributed to consumption (disease), consumption, or tuberculosis. According to Eacker's brother, the prolonged illness began in January 1802 on a bitterly cold night when Eacker fought a raging fire with his brigade and contracted a severe cold that "settled upon his lungs" until his death. His remains were interred at St. Paul's Chapel with military honors, and his funeral procession included members of the military, fire brigade, and the Howard Lodge of Freemasons. Eacker and his fiancée never married. In January 1808, Harriet Livingston married the steamboat inventor Robert Fulton with whom she had four children.

In popular culture

Eacker appears as a minor character in the 2015 Broadway theatre, Broadway musical ''Hamilton (musical), Hamilton'' in which the musical number "Blow Us All Away" dramatizes his duel with Philip Hamilton. The role of Eacker originated on Broadway by a member of the show's ensemble, Ephraim Sykes, Ephraim M. Sykes, who also appears as Eacker on the Hamilton (album), original cast recording.

References