Geoplaninae is a subfamily of

land planarians Geoplanidae is a family of flatworms known commonly as land planarians or land flatworms. These flatworms are mainly predators of other invertebrates, which they hunt, attack and capture using physical force and the adhesive and digestive proper ...

endemic to the

Neotropical region The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In biogeo ...

. However, one species, ''

Obama nungara ''Obama nungara'' is a species of land planarian in the family Geoplanidae. It is native to South America, but has been introduced in Europe. Description ''Obama nungara'' is a medium-sized land planarian with a lanceolate body, being up to ...

'' has been introduced in

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

Description

The subfamily Geoplaninae was initially defined by Ogren and Kawakatsu (1990)Ogren, R. E. and Kawakatsu, M. (1990). ''Index to the species of the family Geoplanidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part I: Geoplaninae.'' Bulletin of Fujis Women's College. 29: 79-166. for land planarians which have a broad

creeping sole Creep, Creeps or CREEP may refer to: People * Creep, a creepy person Politics * Committee for the Re-Election of the President (CRP), mockingly abbreviated as CREEP, an fundraising organization for Richard Nixon's 1972 re-election campaign Ar ...

, mouth in the second half of the body, dorsal testes, subepithelial longitudinal musculature well developed and parenchymal longitudinal musculature absent or not well developed. The eyes contour the anterior region in a single row and posteriorly form several rows, which may spread onto the dorsum, and extend to the posterior end of the body. However, most, if not all, of these characteristics are not exclusive and cannot be considered a

synapomorphy In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have ...

of the group. Some characteristics have also been reverted in some genera. Nevertheless, phylogenetic studies have revealed that Geoplaninae is indeed a monophyletic group.

Genera

Currently the land planarians in the subfamily Geoplaninae are grouped into 9 tribes and 37 genera:

Adinoplanini

*'' Adinoplana''

Geoplanini Geoplanini is a tribe of land planarians in the subfamily Geoplaninae. Description The tribe Geoplanini includes all genera of Geoplaninae that occur east of the Andes plus the Chilean genus '' Transandiplana''. However, there are no currently ...

*'' Amaga'' *'' Anophthalmoplana'' *''

Barreirana ''Barreirana'' is a genus of land planarians from Brazil, formerly considered a subgenus of ''Geoplana''. Description The genus ''Barreirana'' includes land planarians with a small and slender body, usually around 2 cm long or less. The ...

'' *'' Bogga'' *'' Cephaloflexa'' *''

Choeradoplana ''Choeradoplana'' is a genus of land planarians found in South America. Description Species of the genus ''Choeradoplana'' are characterized by the presence of a cephalic retractor muscle associated with cephalic glands, forming a cephalic mus ...

'' *'' Cratera'' *''

Difroehlichia ''Difroehlichia'' is a genus of land planarians from South America, currently comprising a single species, ''Difroehlichia elenae'', which was found in a ferruginous cave in the municipality of Conceição do Mato Dentro, state of Minas Gerais, ...

'' *''

Geobia ''Geobia'' is a monotypic genus of land planarians from South America. Description The genus ''Geobia'' has a very elongated body. The only species in the genus, ''Geobia subterranea'', has several adaptations for a subterranean lifestyle, s ...

'' *''

Geoplana ''Geoplana'' is a genus of land planarians found in South America. Taxonomic history The genus ''Geoplana'' was erected in 1857 by William Stimpson and included most land planarians with several eyes distributed along the body.Stimpson, W. (1 ...

'' *'' Gigantea'' *''

Imbira ''Imbira'' is a genus of land planarians found in South America. Description The genus ''Imibira'' is characterized by having a large, slender and flat body with parallel margins, reaching up to 14 cm in length. The eyes are arranged alon ...

'' *'' Issoca'' *''

Luteostriata ''Luteostriata'' is a genus of land planarians from Brazil characterized by a yellow body with dark longitudinal stripes. Description The genus ''Luteostriata'' is characterized by the presence of a cephalic retractor muscle, which allows thos ...

'' *'' Matuxia'' *'' Notogynaphallia'' *''

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'' *'' Paraba'' *''

Pasipha ''Pasipha'' is a genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and bel ...

'' *'' Piima'' *'' Pseudogeoplana'' *'' Supramontana'' *'' Transandiplana'' *'' Winsoria'' *''

Xerapoa ''Xerapoa'' is a genus of land planarians from Brazil. Description The genus ''Xerapoa'' includes small-sized land planarians with subcylindrical body and anterior end raised. Usually the sensory pits of the anterior region open at the tip of ...

Gusanini

*''

Gusana Gusana is the name of an artificial lake and of the surrounding area, in the territory of Gavoi, Sardinia, Italy. The lake was built in the 1930s to store water for an electricity generator (central of Coghinadordza), and it covered an ancient R ...

Haranini

*''

Harana Harana may refer to: * Harana/Valle de Arana a municipality in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain * Harana, Rajgarh, a village in Madhya Pradesh, India * Sierra Harana mountain range in the center of the province of Granada ...

Inakayaliini

*'' Inakayalia''

Myoplanini

*'' Myoplana''

Polycladini

*'' Polycladus''

Sarcoplanini Sarcoplanini is a tribe of land planarians in the subfamily Geoplaninae. Description The tribe Sarcoplanini includes genera of Geoplaninae that occur west of the Andes. They are characterized by the lack of the typical sensory pits that most lan ...

*''

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'' *'' Mapuplana'' *'' Pichidamas'' *'' Sarcoplana'' *'' Wallmapuplana''

Timymini

*'' Timyma''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q10288921 Geoplanidae