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The genitourinary system, or urogenital system, are the organs of the reproductive system and the urinary system. These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways, like the male urethra. Also, because of their proximity, the systems are sometimes imaged together.
The term "apparatus urogenitalis" was used in '' Nomina Anatomica'' (under
Disorders of the genitourinary system includes a range of disorders from those that are asymptomatic to those that manifest an array of signs and symptoms. Causes for these disorders include congenital anomalies, infectious diseases, trauma, or conditions that secondarily involve the urinary structure.
To gain access to the body, pathogens can penetrate mucous membranes lining the genitourinary tract.
Urogenital malformations include:
* Hypospadias
*
Splanchnologia Splanchnic is usually used to describe organs in the abdominal cavity.
It is used when describing:
* Splanchnic tissue
* Splanchnic organs - including the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, spleen, liver, and may also include the ...
) but is not used in the current '' Terminologia Anatomica''.
Development
The urinary and reproductive organs are developed from the intermediate mesoderm. The permanent organs of the adult are preceded by a set of structures that are purely embryonic and that, with the exception of the ducts, disappear almost entirely before the end of fetal life. These embryonic structures are on either side: the pronephros, the mesonephros and themetanephros Kidney development, or nephrogenesis, describes the embryologic origins of the kidney, a major organ in the urinary system. This article covers a 3 part developmental process that is observed in most reptiles, birds and mammals, including humans. N ...
of the kidney, and the Wolffian and Müllerian ducts of the sex organ. The pronephros disappears very early; the structural elements of the mesonephros mostly degenerate, but the gonad
A gonad, sex gland, or reproductive gland is a mixed gland that produces the gametes and sex hormones of an organism. Female reproductive cells are egg cells, and male reproductive cells are sperm. The male gonad, the testicle, produces sper ...
is developed in their place, with which the Wolffian duct remains as the duct in males, and the Müllerian as that of the female. Some of the tubules of the mesonephros form part of the permanent kidney.
Disorders
Disorders of the genitourinary system includes a range of disorders from those that are asymptomatic to those that manifest an array of signs and symptoms. Causes for these disorders include congenital anomalies, infectious diseases, trauma, or conditions that secondarily involve the urinary structure.
To gain access to the body, pathogens can penetrate mucous membranes lining the genitourinary tract.
Urogenital malformations include:
* Hypospadias
*Epispadias
An epispadias is a rare type of malformation in which the urethra ends, in males, in an opening on the upper aspect of the penis, and in females when the urethra develops too far anteriorly. It occurs in around 1 in 120,000 male and 1 in 500,000 ...
*Labial fusion
Labial fusion is a medical condition of the female genital anatomy where the labia minora become fused together. It is generally a pediatric condition.
Presentation
Labial fusion is rarely present at birth, but rather acquired later in infancy, ...
* Varicocele
As a medical specialty, genitourinary pathology is the subspecialty of surgical pathology which deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the urinary tract, male genital tract and testes. However, medical disorders of the kidneys are generally within the expertise of renal pathologists. Genitourinary pathologists generally work closely with urologic surgeons.
See also
* Reproductive systemReferences
External links
* * {{Authority control