Genevieve Naylor (February 12, 1915 – July 21, 1989) was an American photographer and photojournalist, best known for her photographs of Brazil and as

Eleanor Roosevelt Anna Eleanor Roosevelt () (October 11, 1884November 7, 1962) was an American political figure, diplomat, and activist. She was the first lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945, during her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt's four ...

's personal photographer.

Early life and education

Genevieve Naylor was born on February 12, 1915, in Springfield, Massachusetts. Her father, Emmett Hay Naylor, a trade association lawyer and her mother, Ruth Houston Caldwell, were married on January 17, 1914. Genevieve was given the middle name of Hay as a reference to family member

John Hay John Milton Hay (October 8, 1838July 1, 1905) was an American statesman and official whose career in government stretched over almost half a century. Beginning as a private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln, Hay's highest office was Un ...

, Abraham Lincoln's personal secretary. Her parents divorced in 1925, when Genevieve was 10 years old. She attended Miss Hall's School and later, at age 16, the Music Box, an arts school, where she studied painting. It was at the Music Box that Genevieve met Misha Reznikoff, her teacher. Two years later, in 1933, they were in love, and when Misha moved to New York, Genevieve soon followed, and they settled into the Bohemian lifestyle of Greenwich Village living in a studio apartment - a huge converted stable strewn with colorful painting and cigarette boxes and often home to parties with musicians, artists, and fans that lasted for days. In 1934, Naylor attended an exhibit by photographer

Berenice Abbott Berenice Alice Abbott (July 17, 1898 – December 9, 1991) was an American photographer best known for her portraits of between-the-wars 20th century cultural figures, New York City photographs of architecture and urban design of the 1930s, and ...

and so admired Abbott's work that she switched from painting to photography. Naylor became Abbott's apprentice in 1935, and they maintained their professional relationship until Naylor's death.

Career

At the age of 22, in 1937, Naylor was chosen by

Holger Cahill Edgar Holger Cahill (January 13, 1887 – July 8, 1960) was an Icelandic-American curator, writer, and arts administrator who served as the national director of the Federal Art Project of the Works Progress Administration during the New Deal in t ...

of the

Works Progress Administration The Works Progress Administration (WPA; renamed in 1939 as the Work Projects Administration) was an American New Deal agency that employed millions of jobseekers (mostly men who were not formally educated) to carry out public works projects, i ...

(WPA) as a photographer for the Harlem Arts Center. She also worked for the WPA in New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Washington D.C., and New York. She then worked for the Associated press and was one of the first women photojournalists to be hired by any American news wire services. In 1940, Genevieve Naylor was assigned by the U.S. State department as part of a team to travel to Brazil. In an effort to further and strengthen the anti-Nazi relationship between the United States and Brazil and to promote mutual cultural awareness, the U.S. Office of Inter-American Affairs, under the leadership of

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, created a team of notable Americans that included

Orson Welles George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter, known for his innovative work in film, radio and theatre. He is considered to be among the greatest and most influential f ...

Errol Flynn Errol Leslie Thomson Flynn (20 June 1909 – 14 October 1959) was an Australian-American actor who achieved worldwide fame during the Golden Age of Hollywood. He was known for his romantic swashbuckler roles, frequent partnerships with Olivia ...

, and

Walt Disney Walter Elias Disney (; December 5, 1901December 15, 1966) was an American animator, film producer and entrepreneur. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons. As a film p ...

. Genevieve Naylor and her partner (and later husband) Misha Reznikoff arrived in Brazil in October, 1940, where he showed his paintings while Miss Naylor took photographs. Naylor's assignment was to document Brazil's progress toward becoming a modern nation, capture images that would boost war-time morale, foster cultural interchange, and promote the Allied cause. But Naylor, with her energetic and outgoing personality, soon ventured into other milieus, taking photographs of Brazilian workers jammed into trams, school children, religious and street festivals, and various aspects of everyday lives. Because it was war time, film was rationed, and Naylor's equipment was modest. She had neither flash nor studio lights and had to carefully choose her shots, balancing spontaneity with careful composition. Of her work, nearly 1,350 photos survived and were preserved. After her return to the states in 1943, Naylor become only the second woman photographer to be given a one-woman show when her work was exhibited by New York's Museum of Modern Art. Naylor later spent 15 years as a photographer with ''

Harper's Bazaar ''Harper's Bazaar'' is an American monthly women's fashion magazine. It was first published in New York City on November 2, 1867, as the weekly ''Harper's Bazar''. ''Harper's Bazaar'' is published by Hearst and considers itself to be the st ...

'' and from 1944 to 1980 was a freelance photographer for ''Vogue, McCall's, Town and Country, Life, Look, Saturday Evening Post, Women's Home Companion, Cosmopolitan, Fortune'', ''Collier's, Glamour, Good Housekeeping'', ''Vanity Fair, Elle, Ladies' Home Journal, Redbook, House Beautiful, Holiday, Mademoiselle, American Home, Seventeen, Better Homes and Gardens, Charm, Bride's,'' amongst others. She was a war time photographer, covering parts of the Korean War for ''Look'' magazine. Naylor's work has been included in numerous group exhibitions in the United States, the UK, and Europe. The most recent, The New Women Behind the Camera 2021-2022, opened at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, in the summer of 2021, and will continue into 2022 at The National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. Her historic alliance with Brazil continues in 2022 with the SESC 24 de Maio, Sao Paulo, exhibition, Raio-Que-O-Parta: Modern Fictions in Brazil

Personal life

Naylor was married to painter

Misha Reznikoff Misha Reznikoff was an American-Ukrainian artist noted for such pictures as ''The End of the Horse – Or New Deal'' (1934) and ''The Solidity of the Road to Metaphor and Memory'' (1935).Smithsonian American Art Museum http://americanart.si.edu/s ...

with whom she had two sons, Peter Reznikoff and Michael Reznikoff.

References

*Books *David Bailey and Martin Harrison (1995) Shots Of Style, Faber and Faber *Martin Harrison (1991) Appearances Rizzoli Books *125 Great Moments of Harper's Bazaar (1993), Wm. Morrow *Naomi Rosenblum (1995) A History of Woman Photographers, , Abbeville Press *Kathleen Madden (1996) High Society: 150 Years of Town and Country Magazine, Abrams Books *Robert M. Levine (1998) The Brazilian Photography of Genevieve Naylor, Duke University Press, *Kohle Yohannan (1998) Claire McCardell: Redefining Moderism, Abrams *Genevieve Naylor: An American Photographer In Brazil 1940-1942 *George Ermakoff (2012) Genevieve Naylor: An American Photographer in Brazil, G.Ermakoff Books *Nelson, Andrea (2021). ''The New Women Behind The Camera.'' The National Gallery of Art *Film Documentary *1998: The History Channel: Brazilian Images: The 1940s Brazilian Photography of Genevieve Naylor *2015: American Masters PBS: Althea * *Museum, Institutional, Touring Exhibitions *2022: Raio-Que-O-Parta, Modern Fictions In Brazil, SESC 24 de Maio, Sao Paulo, Brazil *2021: The New Women Behind The Camera, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York *2021: The New Women Behind the Camera, The National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. *2018: Getty Museum. ''Icons of Style: A Century of Fashion Photography.'' Getty Museum Books *2016: Fashion and Textile Museum, London. ''150 Years of Harper’s Bazaar'' *2014: Victoria Albert Museum: La Moda – Italian Fashion in the 20th Century *2000: Brazil 500 Anos Artes Visuals, Sao Paulo, Brazil *1999: S.E. Museum of Photography, Group Show, Dayton Beach, Florida *1998: Claire McCardell: Redefining Modernism, Museum of Fashion Institute of Technology, New York *1998: Late Modernities in Brazil, Rio de Janeiro and Bela Horizonte *1998: One Woman Exhibition, Brooks Institute of Photography, Santa Barbara, California *1996: Faces and Places In Brazil, United States Information Services Tour, Brazil *1996: Faces and Places In Brazil, Columbia University, New York *1996: Faces and Places in Brazil, Brazilian-American Institute, Washington,D.C. *1995: Claire McCardell Fashion: Fashion Institute of Technology, New York *1994: Faces and Places in Brazil, Sao Paulo Museum, Sao Paulo *1994: Louis Armstrong: A Cultural Legacy, Smithsonian Institution *1991: Appearances, Vitoria-Albert Museum, London *1985: Shots of Style, Victoria-Albert Museum, London *1943: Faces and Places in Brazil, Museum of Modern Art, New York * *Gallery Exhibitions *1987: Marie Neikrug Gallery, New York *1993: 20th Century Women Photographers, Staley-Wise Gallery, New York *1995: One Woman Exhibition, Staley-Wise Gallery, New York *1995: Outside Fashion, Howard Greenbery Gallery, New York *1995: Kissing, G.Ray Hawkins Gallery, Los Angeles, California *1995: Kissing, Yancy Richardson Gallery, New York *1996: Wedding Days, G.Ray Hawkins, Los Angeles, California *1997: The Fords: 50 Years of Fashion, Staley-Wise Gallery *1997: Art of the Theatre, Graphics Gallery, East Hampton, New York * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Naylor, Genevieve 1915 births 1989 deaths American women photographers 20th-century American women artists 20th-century American people