Philip John Schuyler (; November 18, 1804) was an American general in the
Revolutionary War and a
United States Senator
The United States Senate is the Upper house, upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the United States House of Representatives, House of Representatives being the Lower house, lower chamber. Together they compose the national Bica ...
from
New York
New York most commonly refers to:
* New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York
* New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States
New York may also refer to:
Film and television
* '' ...
. He is usually known as Philip Schuyler, while his son is usually known as
Philip J. Schuyler
Philip Jeremiah Schuyler (January 21, 1768 – February 21, 1835) was an American politician from New York. His siblings included Angelica Schuyler, Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton, and Margarita Schuyler Van Rensselaer.
Life
He was the son of R ...
.
Born in
Albany,
Province of New York
The Province of New York (1664–1776) was a British proprietary colony and later royal colony on the northeast coast of North America. As one of the Middle Colonies, New York achieved independence and worked with the others to found the Uni ...
, into the prosperous
Schuyler family
The Schuyler family ( /ˈskaɪlər/; Dutch pronunciation: xœylər was a prominent Dutch family in New York and New Jersey in the 18th and 19th centuries, whose descendants played a critical role in the formation of the United States (especiall ...
, Schuyler fought in the
French and Indian War
The French and Indian War (1754–1763) was a theater of the Seven Years' War, which pitted the North American colonies of the British Empire against those of the French, each side being supported by various Native American tribes. At the ...
. He won election to the
New York General Assembly
The General Assembly of New York, commonly known internationally as the New York General Assembly, and domestically simply as General Assembly, was the supreme legislative body of the Province of New York during its period of proprietal colonia ...
in 1768 and to the
Continental Congress
The Continental Congress was a series of legislative bodies, with some executive function, for thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America, and the newly declared United States just before, during, and after the American Revolutionary War. ...
in 1775. He planned the
Continental Army
The Continental Army was the army of the United Colonies (the Thirteen Colonies) in the Revolutionary-era United States. It was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, and was establis ...
's 1775
Invasion of Quebec, but poor health forced him to delegate command of the invasion to
Richard Montgomery
Richard Montgomery (2 December 1738 – 31 December 1775) was an Irish soldier who first served in the British Army. He later became a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and he is most famous for l ...
. He prepared the Continental Army's defense of the 1777
Saratoga campaign
The Saratoga campaign in 1777 was an attempt by the British high command for North America to gain military control of the strategically important Hudson River valley during the American Revolutionary War. It ended in the surrender of the British ...
, but was replaced by General
Horatio Gates
Horatio Lloyd Gates (July 26, 1727April 10, 1806) was a British-born American army officer who served as a general in the Continental Army during the early years of the Revolutionary War. He took credit for the American victory in the Battles ...
as the commander of Continental forces in the theater. Schuyler resigned from the Continental Army in 1779.
Schuyler served in the
New York State Senate
The New York State Senate is the upper house of the New York State Legislature; the New York State Assembly is its lower house. Its members are elected to two-year terms; there are no term limits. There are 63 seats in the Senate.
Partisan com ...
for most of the 1780s and supported the ratification of the
United States Constitution
The Constitution of the United States is the Supremacy Clause, supreme law of the United States, United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789. Originally comprising seven ar ...
. He represented New York in the
1st United States Congress
The 1st United States Congress, comprising the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives, met from March 4, 1789, to March 4, 1791, during the first two years of George Washington's presidency, first at Federal Hall in ...
but lost his state's 1791 Senate election to
Aaron Burr
Aaron Burr Jr. (February 6, 1756 – September 14, 1836) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the third vice president of the United States from 1801 to 1805. Burr's legacy is defined by his famous personal conflict with Alexand ...
. After a period in the state senate, he won election to the United States Senate again in 1797, affiliating with the
Federalist Party
The Federalist Party was a Conservatism in the United States, conservative political party which was the first political party in the United States. As such, under Alexander Hamilton, it dominated the national government from 1789 to 1801.
De ...
. He resigned due to poor health the following year. He was the father of
Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton
Elizabeth Hamilton (née Schuyler ; August 9, 1757 – November 9, 1854), also called Eliza or Betsey, was an American socialite and philanthropist. Married to American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, she was a defender of his works and co- ...
and the father-in-law of
Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first United States secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795.
Born out of wedlock in Charlest ...
.
Early life
Philip John Schuyler was born on in
Albany, New York
Albany ( ) is the capital of the U.S. state of New York, also the seat and largest city of Albany County. Albany is on the west bank of the Hudson River, about south of its confluence with the Mohawk River, and about north of New York City ...
, to
Cornelia Van Cortlandt
Johannes Schuyler Jr. (October 1697 – November 5, 1741) was a prominent American of Dutch ancestry who served as the Mayor of Albany, New York from 1740 to 1741, and was a merchant, alderman, and Indian commissioner. Schuyler married Cornelia v ...
(1698–1762) and
Johannes ("John") Schuyler Jr. (1697–1741), the third generation of the Dutch
Schuyler family
The Schuyler family ( /ˈskaɪlər/; Dutch pronunciation: xœylər was a prominent Dutch family in New York and New Jersey in the 18th and 19th centuries, whose descendants played a critical role in the formation of the United States (especiall ...
in America. His maternal grandfather was
Stephanus Van Cortlandt, the 17th
Mayor of New York City
The mayor of New York City, officially Mayor of the City of New York, is head of the executive branch of the government of New York City and the chief executive of New York City. The mayor's office administers all city services, public property ...
.
Before his father died on the eve of his eighth birthday, Schuyler attended the public school in Albany.
Afterward, he was educated by tutors at the
Van Cortlandt family estate at
New Rochelle. Fluent in both Dutch and English from childhood,
in 1748 he began to study with Reverend Peter Strouppe at the New Rochelle French Protestant Church, where he learned French and mathematics.
While he was at New Rochelle he also joined numerous trade expeditions where he met
Iroquois
The Iroquois ( or ), officially the Haudenosaunee ( meaning "people of the longhouse"), are an Iroquoian-speaking confederacy of First Nations peoples in northeast North America/ Turtle Island. They were known during the colonial years to ...
leaders and learned to speak
Mohawk.
Schuyler joined the British forces in 1755 during the
French and Indian War
The French and Indian War (1754–1763) was a theater of the Seven Years' War, which pitted the North American colonies of the British Empire against those of the French, each side being supported by various Native American tribes. At the ...
, raised a provincial company, and was commissioned as its
captain
Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, e ...
by his cousin, Lieutenant Governor
James Delancey
James De Lancey (November 27, 1703 – July 30, 1760) served as chief justice, lieutenant governor, and acting colonial governor of the Province of New York.
Early life and education
De Lancey was born in New York City on November 27, 170 ...
.
In 1756, he accompanied British officer Colonel
John Bradstreet to Oswego, where he gained experience as a quartermaster, which ended when the outpost
fell to the French.
Schuyler took part in the battles of
Lake George, Oswego River,
Carillon
A carillon ( , ) is a pitched percussion instrument that is played with a keyboard and consists of at least 23 cast-bronze bells. The bells are hung in fixed suspension and tuned in chromatic order so that they can be sounded harmoniou ...
and
Fort Frontenac
Fort Frontenac was a French trading post and military fort built in July 1673 at the mouth of the Cataraqui River where the St. Lawrence River leaves Lake Ontario (at what is now the western end of the La Salle Causeway), in a location tradition ...
.
After the war, Bradstreet sent Schuyler to England to settle Bradstreet's reimbursement claims for expenses he incurred during the war effort, and he remained in England from 1760 to 1763. After returning to the United States he took over management of several farms and business enterprises in upstate New York, including a lumber venture in Saratoga. In addition, Schuyler was responsible for constructing the first flax mill in the American colonies. Schulyer became colonel and commander of a militia district regiment in 1767. In 1768, he served as a member of the New York Assembly.
American Revolution
Schuyler was elected to the
Continental Congress
The Continental Congress was a series of legislative bodies, with some executive function, for thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America, and the newly declared United States just before, during, and after the American Revolutionary War. ...
in 1775, and served until he was appointed a major general of the
Continental Army
The Continental Army was the army of the United Colonies (the Thirteen Colonies) in the Revolutionary-era United States. It was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, and was establis ...
in June. General Schuyler took command of the
Northern Department
The Northern Department was a department of the government of the Kingdom of England from 1660 to 1707 and later the Kingdom of Great Britain from 1707 until 1782 when its functions were reorganised into the new Home Office and Foreign Office ...
, and planned the
Invasion of Quebec (1775)
The Invasion of Quebec (June 1775 – October 1776, french: Invasion du Québec) was the first major military initiative by the newly formed Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. The objective of the campaign was to seize the P ...
. His poor health required him to place
Richard Montgomery
Richard Montgomery (2 December 1738 – 31 December 1775) was an Irish soldier who first served in the British Army. He later became a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and he is most famous for l ...
in command of the invasion. In 1777, he again served in the Continental Congress.
Saratoga campaign
After returning to command of the Northern Department in 1777, Schuyler was active in preparing a defense against the
Saratoga Campaign
The Saratoga campaign in 1777 was an attempt by the British high command for North America to gain military control of the strategically important Hudson River valley during the American Revolutionary War. It ended in the surrender of the British ...
, part of the "Three Pronged Attack" strategy of the British to cut the American Colonies in two by invading and occupying New York State. In the summer of 1777, John Burgoyne marched his British force south from Quebec and through the valleys of Lakes Champlain and George. On the way he invested the small Colonial garrison occupying Fort Ticonderoga at the nexus of the two lakes. When General
St. Clair abandoned
Fort Ticonderoga in July, the Congress replaced Schuyler with General
Horatio Gates
Horatio Lloyd Gates (July 26, 1727April 10, 1806) was a British-born American army officer who served as a general in the Continental Army during the early years of the Revolutionary War. He took credit for the American victory in the Battles ...
, who had accused Schuyler of dereliction of duty. In 1778, Schuyler and
Arthur St. Clair
Arthur St. Clair ( – August 31, 1818) was a Scottish-American soldier and politician. Born in Thurso, Scotland, he served in the British Army during the French and Indian War before settling in Pennsylvania, where he held local office. During ...
faced a court of inquiry over the loss of Ticonderoga, and both were acquitted.
The British offensive was eventually stopped by Continental Army then under the command of Gates and
Benedict Arnold
Benedict Arnold ( Brandt (1994), p. 4June 14, 1801) was an American military officer who served during the Revolutionary War. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defect ...
in the
Battle of Saratoga
The Battles of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War. British General John Burgoyne led an invasion ...
. That victory, the first wholesale defeat of a large British force, marked a turning point in the revolution, for it convinced France to enter the war on the American side. When Schuyler demanded a court martial to answer Gates' charges, he was vindicated but resigned from the Army on April 19, 1779. He then served in two more sessions of the Continental Congress in 1779 and 1780.
Later career
As a prominent politician and Patriot leader in New York, Schuyler was the subject of an unsuccessful kidnapping attempt, which was plotted and led by John Walden Meyers on August 7, 1781. Schuyler was able to vacate his Albany mansion before the kidnappers arrived. Schuyler was an original member of the New York
Society of the Cincinnati
The Society of the Cincinnati is a fraternal, hereditary society founded in 1783 to commemorate the American Revolutionary War that saw the creation of the United States. Membership is largely restricted to descendants of military officers wh ...
.
After the war, he expanded his Saratoga estate to tens of thousands of acres, adding slaves, tenant farmers, a store, mills for flour, flax, and lumber. He built several schooners on the
Hudson River
The Hudson River is a river that flows from north to south primarily through eastern New York. It originates in the Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York and flows southward through the Hudson Valley to the New York Harbor between N ...
, and named the first ''Saratoga''. According to the Schuyler Mansion Historic Society, there were around 40 slaves between the Albany and Saratoga estates.
He was a member of the
New York State Senate
The New York State Senate is the upper house of the New York State Legislature; the New York State Assembly is its lower house. Its members are elected to two-year terms; there are no term limits. There are 63 seats in the Senate.
Partisan com ...
from 1780 to 1784, and at the same time
New York State Surveyor General from 1781 to 1784. Afterwards he returned to the State Senate from 1786 to 1790, where he actively supported the adoption of the
United States Constitution
The Constitution of the United States is the Supremacy Clause, supreme law of the United States, United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789. Originally comprising seven ar ...
.
In
1789
Events
January–March
* January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet ''What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution.
* January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential election a ...
, he was elected a
U.S. Senator from New York to the
First United States Congress, serving from July 27, 1789, to March 3, 1791. After losing his bid for re-election in
1791 to Aaron Burr, he returned to the State Senate from 1792 to 1797. In
1797
Events
January–March
* January 3 – The Treaty of Tripoli, a peace treaty between the United States and Ottoman Tripolitania, is signed at Algiers (''see also'' 1796).
* January 7 – The parliament of the Cisalpine Re ...
, he was selected again to the U.S. Senate and served in the
5th United States Congress
The 5th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Penns ...
from March 4, 1797, until his resignation because of ill health on January 3, 1798.
Personal life
![Walter Robertson - Mrs](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Walter_Robertson_-_Mrs._Philip_John_Schuyler_%28Catherine_van_Rensselaer%29_-_1999.27.43_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum_%28cropped%29.jpg)
According to the Schuyler Family's Bible, on September 7, 1755, he married Catherine Van Rensselaer (1734–1803) at Albany. In the Bible entry, he was called “Philip Johannes Schuyler” and she was called “Catherina Van Rensselaer”. She was the daughter of
Johannes Van Rensselaer
Johannes Van Rensselaer (January 3, 1708 – February 21, 1783) was a member of the prominent colonial Van Rensselaer family.
Early life
Van Rensselaer was born on January 3, 1708, at the family estate, "Rensselaerswyck", in what is now Waterv ...
(1707/08–1783) and his first wife, Engeltje Livingston (1698–1746/47). Johannes was the grandson of
Hendrick van Rensselaer (1667–1740). Engeltje was the daughter of
Robert Livingston the Younger. Philip and Catherine had 15 children together, eight of whom survived to adulthood, including:
*
Angelica Schuyler
Angelica Church (née Schuyler ; February 20, 1756 – March 6, 1814) was an American socialite. She was the eldest daughter of Continental Army General Philip Schuyler, and a sister of Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton and sister-in-law of Alexand ...
(1756–1814), who married
John Barker Church
John Barker Church, John Carter, (October 30, 1748 – April 27, 1818) was an English born businessman and supplier of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. He returned to England after the Revolutionary War and served in the Hous ...
(1748–1818), later a British
MP.
*
Elizabeth Schuyler
Elizabeth Hamilton (née Schuyler ; August 9, 1757 – November 9, 1854), also called Eliza or Betsey, was an American socialite and philanthropist. Married to American Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, ...
(1757–1854), who married
Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first United States secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795.
Born out of wedlock in Charlest ...
(1755/7–1804), later the first
United States Secretary of the Treasury
The United States secretary of the treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States. The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal a ...
. Elizabeth co-founded the first private orphanage in New York City.
*
Margarita "Peggy" Schuyler (1758–1801), who married
Stephen Van Rensselaer III
Stephen Van Rensselaer III (; November 1, 1764January 26, 1839) was an American landowner, businessman, militia officer, and politician. A graduate of Harvard College, at age 21, Van Rensselaer took control of Rensselaerswyck, his family's mano ...
(1764–1839), 8th
Patroon.
* Cornelia Schuyler (1761–1762), a twin to the first John Bradstreet.
* John Bradstreet Schuyler (1761–1761), a twin to Cornelia.
[Schuyler Family Bible, Collections of Schuyler Mansion State Historic Site, Albany, NY.]
* John Bradstreet Schuyler (1763–1764).
* John Bradstreet Schuyler (1765–1795), who married Elizabeth Van Rensselaer (1768–1841), the sister of
Stephen Van Rensselaer III
Stephen Van Rensselaer III (; November 1, 1764January 26, 1839) was an American landowner, businessman, militia officer, and politician. A graduate of Harvard College, at age 21, Van Rensselaer took control of Rensselaerswyck, his family's mano ...
who married his sister Peggy.
*
Philip Jeremiah Schuyler
Philip Jeremiah Schuyler (January 21, 1768 – February 21, 1835) was an American politician from New York. His siblings included Angelica Schuyler, Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton, and Margarita Schuyler Van Rensselaer.
Life
He was the son of Re ...
(1768–1835), who served in the
U.S. House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they ...
and who married Sarah Rutsen; after her death in 1805, he married Mary Anna Sawyer.
* Triplets (1770–1770, Unbaptized).
* Rensselaer Schuyler (1773–1847), who married Elizabeth Ten Broeck, daughter of General
Abraham Ten Broeck.
* Cornelia Schuyler (1776–1808), who married Washington Morton.
* Cortlandt Schuyler (1778–1778).
* Catherine Van Rensselaer Schuyler (1781–1857), who married first, Samuel Malcolm (son of
William Malcolm), and then
James Cochran (1769–1848), her cousin and the son of
John Cochran and Gertrude Schuyler, Philip Schuyler's sister.
Schuyler's country home had been destroyed by General
John Burgoyne's forces in October 1777. Later that year, he began rebuilding on the same site, now located in southern Schuylerville, New York. This later home is maintained by the
National Park Service
The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government within the U.S. Department of the Interior that manages all national parks, most national monuments, and other natural, historical, and recreational propertie ...
as part of the
Saratoga National Historical Park, and is open to the public.
Schuyler died at the
Schuyler Mansion
Schuyler Mansion is a historic house at 32 Catherine Street in Albany, New York. The brick mansion is now a museum and an official National Historic Landmark. It was constructed from 1761 to 1765 for Philip Schuyler, later a general in the Cont ...
in Albany on November 18, 1804, four months after his son-in-law,
Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first United States secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795.
Born out of wedlock in Charlest ...
, was killed in
a duel and 2 days before his 71st birthday. He is buried at
Albany Rural Cemetery in
Menands, New York.
File:Schuyler Mansion Panorama Left.jpg, Schuyler Mansion
Schuyler Mansion is a historic house at 32 Catherine Street in Albany, New York. The brick mansion is now a museum and an official National Historic Landmark. It was constructed from 1761 to 1765 for Philip Schuyler, later a general in the Cont ...
, which was constructed from 1761 to 1765
File:GeneralSchylerHouse.JPG, Schuyler's Country House used during the Revolution
In political science, a revolution (Latin: ''revolutio'', "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due ...
, in Schuylerville
Schuylerville () is a village in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The village is located in the northeastern part of the Town of Saratoga, east of Saratoga Springs. The Village of Victory is adjacent to Schuylerville to the southwest ...
Legacy
Place names
Geographic locations and buildings named in Schuyler's honor include:
*
Schuyler, New York
: ''There is also a Schuyler County, New York''.
Schuyler is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 3,420 at the 2010 census. The town is in the western part of Herkimer County and is east of Utica.
History
...
*
Schuylerville, New York
*
Schuyler County, New York
Schuyler County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,898, making it the second-least populous county in New York. The county seat is the village of Watkins Glen. The name is in honor of Gene ...
, as well as
Schuyler County, Illinois, and
Schuyler County, Missouri
*
Fort Schuyler, a military
fortification
A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...
begun in 1833 at the tip of
Throggs Neck in
the Bronx
The Bronx () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Bronx County, in the state of New York. It is south of Westchester County; north and east of the New York City borough of Manhattan, across the Harlem River; and north of the New Y ...
, which now houses the
Maritime Industry Museum
Fort Schuyler is a preserved 19th century fortification in the New York City borough of the Bronx. It houses a museum, the Stephen B. Luce Library, and the Marine Transportation Department and Administrative offices of the State University of ...
and the
State University of New York Maritime College
* The Philip Schuyler Achievement Academy (named for Schuyler and his son Philip) in Albany, New York (name change expected in 2021)
Works of art
Schuyler was depicted by
John Trumbull
John Trumbull (June 6, 1756November 10, 1843) was an American artist of the early independence period, notable for his historical paintings of the American Revolutionary War, of which he was a veteran. He has been called the "Painter of the Rev ...
in his 1821 painting ''
Surrender of General Burgoyne
The ''Surrender of General Burgoyne'' is an oil painting by John Trumbull. The painting was completed in 1821 and hangs in the United States Capitol rotunda in Washington, D.C.
The painting depicts the surrender of British Lieutenant General Jo ...
'', which hangs in the
United States Capitol rotunda in Washington, D.C.
''Major General Philip Schuyler'', a bronze statue by sculptor
J. Massey Rhind
John Massey Rhind (9 July 1860 – 1 January 1936) was a Scottish-American sculptor. Among Rhind's better known works is the marble statue of Dr. Crawford W. Long located in the National Statuary Hall Collection in Washington D.C. (1926).
E ...
, was erected outside
Albany City Hall
Albany City Hall is the seat of government of the city of Albany, New York, United States. It houses the office of the mayor, the Common Council chamber, the city and traffic courts, as well as other city services. The present building was desi ...
in 1925. In June 2020, Albany mayor
Kathy Sheehan
Katherine M. Sheehan (born December 5, 1963) is an American politician and attorney serving as the 75th List of mayors of Albany, New York, Mayor of Albany, New York. Prior to being elected Mayor, Sheehan served as City Treasurer from 2010 to 201 ...
signed an executive order for the statue to be removed and given to a "museum or other institution for future display with appropriate historical context", due to Schuyler's ownership of slaves.
The statue was requested the next day by the mayor of
Schuylerville, New York, who suggested that it be relocated to
Schuyler House.
In popular culture
The non-speaking role of Philip Schuyler was originated by ensemble member Sydney James Harcourt in the 2015
Broadway musical ''
Hamilton Hamilton may refer to:
People
* Hamilton (name), a common British surname and occasional given name, usually of Scottish origin, including a list of persons with the surname
** The Duke of Hamilton, the premier peer of Scotland
** Lord Hamilt ...
'', in which Schuyler's son-in-law
Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first United States secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795.
Born out of wedlock in Charlest ...
is the
title character
The title character in a narrative work is one who is named or referred to in the title of the work. In a performed work such as a play or film, the performer who plays the title character is said to have the title role of the piece. The title of ...
.
References
Citations
Further reading
*
* ''Revolutionary Enigma: A Re-Appraisal of General Philip Schuyler of New York'' by Martin H. Bush; 1969; ().
*
* ''Proud Patriot: Philip Schuyler and the War of Independence, 1775–1783'' by Don Gerlach; 1987; Syracuse University Press; ().
''The New York Civil List'' compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (pages 37f; Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)* ''The Real George Washington'' by the National Center for Constitutional Studies; 1991; 2009 reprint
* McEneny Ingraham, Courtland D., "Philip Schuyler", ''Mount Vernon Digital Encyclopedia of George Washington'', https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/philip-john-schuyler-1733-1804/
External links
Co-Planner of the Sullivan-Clinton Campaign Against the IroquoisCollection of Letters from Philip SchuylerPhilip Schuyler Achievement Academyat the
New York State Library
The New York State Library is a research library in Albany, New York, United States. It was established in 1818 to serve the state government of New York and is part of the New York State Education Department. The library is one of the largest ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schuyler, Philip John
1733 births
1804 deaths
Politicians from Albany, New York
People of the Province of New York
Schuyler family
American people of Dutch descent
Reformed Church in America members
Continental Congressmen from New York (state)
Pro-Administration Party United States senators from New York (state)
Federalist Party United States senators from New York (state)
New York (state) Federalists
Members of the New York General Assembly
Members of the New York Provincial Assembly
Members of the New York State Assembly
New York (state) state senators
New York State Engineers and Surveyors
American slave owners
Politicians from New Rochelle, New York
Military personnel from Albany, New York
Military personnel from New Rochelle, New York
People of New York in the French and Indian War
Continental Army officers from New York (state)
Continental Army personnel who were court-martialed
Continental Army generals
Burials at Albany Rural Cemetery
18th-century American politicians
United States senators who owned slaves