''Gemmula monilifera'' is a

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

, a marine

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Turridae Turridae is a taxonomic family name for a number of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. MolluscaBase (2018). Turridae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (1838). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Specie ...

, the turrids.

Description

The length of the shell varies between 10 mm and 30 mm.

Distribution

This marine species occurs in the

Red Sea The Red Sea ( ar, البحر الأحمر - بحر القلزم, translit=Modern: al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar, Medieval: Baḥr al-Qulzum; or ; Coptic: ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϩⲁϩ ''Phiom Enhah'' or ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲣⲓ ''Phiom ǹšari''; T ...

, in the Indian Ocean off

Durban Durban ( ) ( zu, eThekwini, from meaning 'the port' also called zu, eZibubulungwini for the mountain range that terminates in the area), nicknamed ''Durbs'',Ishani ChettyCity nicknames in SA and across the worldArticle on ''news24.com'' from ...

, South Africa; off

Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only stat ...

; off

Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ...

and

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...

References

* Pease, W.H. 1861. ''Descriptions of seventeen new species of marine shells from the Sandwich Islands, in the collection of Hugh Cuming.'' Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 28: 397-400 * Weinkauff, H.C. 1875. ''Ueber eine kritische gruppe des genus Pleurotoma Lam. sensu stricto''. Jahrbücher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 1875: 285–292 * Paetel 1887. ''Catalog der Conchylien-Sammlung. I. Die Cephalopoden, Pteropoden und Meeres-Gastropoden.'' Berlin, Verlag von Gerbrüder Paetel. Berlin : Verlag von Gerbrüder Paetel pp. 1–16, 1–639. * Iredale, T. 1931. ''Australian molluscan notes. No. 1.'' Records of the Australian Museum 18(4): 201–235, pls xxii–xxv * Tinker (1952), ''Pacific Sea Shells'', p. 46, p1. 1; A handbook of common marine mollusks of Hawaii and the south seas. Tokyo : Tuttle 240 pp. * Powell, A.W.B. 1964. ''The Family Turridae in the Indo-Pacific. Part 1. The Subfamily Turrinae''. Indo-Pacific Mollusca 1: 227-346 * Kosuge, S. 1990. ''Report on the family Turridae collected along the north-western coast of Australia''. Bulletin of the Institute of Malacology, Tokyo 2(9): 149–156, pls 54, 55 * Steyn, D.G. & Lussi, M. (1998) Marine Shells of South Africa. An Illustrated Collector's Guide to Beached Shells. Ekogilde Publishers, Hartebeespoort, South Africa, ii + 264 pp

External links

Tucker, J.K. 2004 ''Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)''. Zootaxa 682:1-1295
monilifera Gastropods described in 1860 {{turridae-stub