The Gemmatimonadota are a

phylum In biology, a phylum (; plural: phyla) is a level of classification or taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class. Traditionally, in botany the term division has been used instead of phylum, although the International Code of Nomenclature f ...

bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among ...

established in 2003. The

contains two classes Gemmatimonadetes and Longimicrobia.

Species

The type species ''

Gemmatimonas aurantiaca ''Gemmatimonas aurantiaca'' is a Gram-negative, aerobic, polyphosphate-accumulating micro-organism. It is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped aerobe, with type strain T-27T (=JCM 11422T =DSM 14586T). It replicates by budding Budding or blastogenesis ...

'' strain T-27^T was isolated from activated sludge in a sewage treatment system in 2003. It is a Gram-negative bacterium able to grow by both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. The second cultured species was ''Gemmatirosa kalamazoonensis'' gen. nov., sp. nov. strain KBS708, which was isolated from organically managed agricultural soil in Michigan USA. The third cultured species ''Gemmatimonas phototrophica'' strain AP64^T was isolated from a shallow freshwater desert lake Tiān é hú (Swan Lake) in North China. A unique feature of this organism is the presence of bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers. It probably acquired genes for anoxygenic photosynthesis via

horizontal gene transfer Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between Unicellular organism, unicellular and/or multicellular organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offsprin ...

. ''G. phototrophica'' is a facultative photoheterotrophic organism. It requires the supply of organic substrate for growth, but it may obtain additional energy for its metabolism from light. ''Longimicrobium terrae'' strain CB-286315T was isolated from a soil sample from a typical Mediterranean forest ecosystem located in Granada, Spain. Due to this large phylogenetic distance from other cultured Gemmatimonades, it established a novel class named Longimicrobia.

Environmental distribution

Data from culture-independent studies indicate that Gemmatimonadota are widely distributed in many natural habitats. They make up about 2% of soil bacterial communities and has been identified as one of the top nine phyla found in soils; yet, there are currently only six cultured isolates. Gemmatimonadota have been found in a variety of arid soils, such as grassland, prairie, and pasture soil, as well as eutrophic lake sediments and alpine soils. This wide range of environments where Gemmatimonadota have been found suggests an adaptation to low soil moisture. A study conducted showed that the distribution of the Gemmatimonadota in soil tends to be more dependent on the moisture availability than aggregation, reinforcing the belief that the members of this phylum prefer dryer soils. Smaller numbers were also found in various aquatic environments, such as fresh waters and sediments.

Phylogeny

Taxonomy

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the

List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the naming and taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the International Code of Nomenclature ...

(LSPN) and

National Center for Biotechnology Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The ...

. * Phylum Gemmatimonadota Zhang et al. 2003 ** Class

Gemmatimonadetes The Gemmatimonadota are a phylum of bacteria established in 2003. The phylum contains two classes Gemmatimonadetes and Longimicrobia. Species The type species '' Gemmatimonas aurantiaca'' strain T-27T was isolated from activated sludge in a se ...

Zhang et al. 2003 Oren,_Parte_&_Garrity_2016_ex_Cavalier-Smith_2020.html" ;"title="Gemmatimonadia" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016 ex Cavalier-Smith 2020">Gemmatimonadia" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016 ex Cavalier-Smith 2020*** Order Gemmatimonadales Zhang et al. 2003 **** Family Gemmatimonadaceae Zhang et al. 2003 ***** Genus '' Roseisolibacter'' Pascual et al. 2018 ****** Species '' R. agri'' Pascual et al. 2018 ***** Genus "'' Gemmatirosa''" DeBruyn et al. 2013 ****** Species '' G. kalamazoonesis'' DeBruyn et al. 2013 ***** Genus ''

Gemmatimonas ''Gemmatimonas'' is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped A bacillus (), also called a bacilliform bacterium or often just a rod (when the context makes the sense clear), is a rod-shaped bacterium or archaeon. Bacilli are found in many different taxo ...

'' Zhang et al. 2003 em. Zeng et al. 2015 ****** Species '' G. aurantiaca'' Zhang et al. 2003 em. Zeng et al. 2015 ****** Species '' G. phototrophica'' Zeng et al. 2015 ** Class Longimicrobia Pascual et al. 2016 *** Order Longimicrobiales Pascual et al. 2016 **** Family Longimicrobiaceae Pascual et al. 2016 ***** Genus '' Longimicrobium'' Pascual et al. 2016 ****** Species '' L. terrae'' Pascual et al. 2016

References

External links