''Gastrolobium'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s in the family
. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the
south west region of
Western Australia
Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...
.
A significant number of the species accumulate
monofluoroacetate
Fluoroacetic acid is a organofluorine compound with formula CH2FCO2H. It is a colorless solid that is noted for its relatively high toxicity. The conjugate base, fluoroacetate occurs naturally in at least 40 plants in Australia, Brazil, and Afric ...
(the key ingredient of the
poison
Poison is a chemical substance that has a detrimental effect to life. The term is used in a wide range of scientific fields and industries, where it is often specifically defined. It may also be applied colloquially or figuratively, with a broa ...
known commonly as 1080), which caused introduced/non native animal deaths from the 1840s in Western Australia. The controversy over the cause of the stock poisoning in that time involved the botanist
James Drummond in a series of tests to ascertain the cause of the poisoning, which was determined to be caused primarily by the plants York Road poison (''G. calycinum'') and Champion Bay poison (''G. oxylobioides'').
In the 1930s and 1940s
C.A. Gardner and
H.W. Bennetts identified other species in Western Australia, leading to the publication of ''The Toxic Plants of Western Australia'' in 1956.
The base
chromosome number
Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. Sets of chromosomes refer to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respectively ...
of ''Gastrolobium'' is 2''n'' = 16.
Species
''Gastrolobium'' comprises the following species:
''Gastrolobium bilobum'' Group
* ''
Gastrolobium acrocaroli
''Gastrolobium acrocaroli'' is an erect open shrub that is endemic to an isolated location in the south-west of Western Australia. It is a member of the family Fabaceae, grows to 2.7 metres high and produces orange yellow pea-flowers in either A ...
''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium bilobum
''Gastrolobium bilobum'', commonly known as heart-leaved poison, is a bushy shrub which is endemic to south west Western Australia.
The species is a member of the family Fabaceae and is probably the most toxic species in the genus ''Gastrol ...
''
R.Br.—Heart-leaved poison
* ''
Gastrolobium brevipes
''Gastrolobium brevipes'' is a shrub that is endemic to the Central Ranges region of Western Australia, Northern Territory and South Australia. It is a member of the family Fabaceae, grows to 2.5 metres high and produces orange red pea-flowers ...
''
Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium callistachys
''Gastrolobium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the south west region of Western Australia.
A significant number of the species accumulate monofluor ...
''
Meisn.
Carl Daniel Friedrich Meissner (1 November 1800 – 2 May 1874) was a Swiss botanist.
Biography
Born in Bern, Switzerland on 1 November 1800, he was christened Meisner but later changed the spelling of his name to Meissner. For most of his 40 ...
—Rock poison
* ''
Gastrolobium congestum
''Gastrolobium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the south west region of Western Australia.
A significant number of the species accumulate monofluor ...
''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium cuneatum
''Gastrolobium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the south west region of Western Australia.
A significant number of the species accumulate monofluor ...
''
Henfry—River poison
* ''
Gastrolobium grandiflorum
''Gastrolobium grandiflorum'', commonly known as wallflower poison, wallflower poison bush or heart-leaf poison bush, is a bushy shrub which is endemic to Australia.
It grows to 2 or 3 metres in height and between late summer and early winter ...
''
F.Muell.—Wallflower poison
* ''
Gastrolobium graniticum''
(S.Moore) Crisp—Granite poison
* ''
Gastrolobium involutum
''Gastrolobium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the south west region of Western Australia.
A significant number of the species accumulate monofluor ...
''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium semiteres''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium stenophyllum''
Turcz.—Phillips River poison, Narrow-leaved poison
* ''
Gastrolobium tergiversum''
G. Chandler & Crisp
''Gastrolobium parviflorum'' Subgroup
* ''
Gastrolobium discolor
''Gastrolobium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the south west region of Western Australia.
A significant number of the species accumulate monofluor ...
''
G. Chandler, Crisp & R.J. Bayer
* ''
Gastrolobium melanocarpum''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium musaceum''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium parviflorum''
(Benth.) Crisp—Box poison
* ''
Gastrolobium tetragonophyllum''
(E.Pritz.) Crisp—Brother-brother
''Gastrolobium calycinum'' Group
* ''
Gastrolobium appressum
''Gastrolobium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the south west region of Western Australia.
A significant number of the species accumulate monofluor ...
''
C.A.Gardner—Scaleleaf poison
* ''
Gastrolobium calycinum''
Benth.—York Road poison
* ''
Gastrolobium hamulosum''
Meisn.—Hook Point poison
* ''
Gastrolobium oxylobioides''
Benth.—Champion Bay poison
* ''
Gastrolobium racemosum''
(Turcz.) Crisp—Net-leaved poison
* ''
Gastrolobium reflexum''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium rigidum''
(C.A.Gardner) Crisp—Rigid leaf poison
* ''
Gastrolobium spectabile''
(Endl.) Crisp—Roe's poison
* ''
Gastrolobium tenue''
G. Chandler & Crisp
''Gastrolobium celsianum'' Group
* ''
Gastrolobium bracteolosum
''Gastrolobium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the Southwest Australia, south west region of Western Australia.
A significant number of the species ...
''
(F. Muell.) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium celsianum
''Gastrolobium celsianum'', the Swan River pea, is a low-growing shrub which is endemic to Western Australia.
It is a member of the pea family Fabaceae and of the genus ''Gastrolobium'', which contains many toxic species; however the Swan Rive ...
''
(Lem.) G. Chandler & Crisp—Swan River pea
* ''
Gastrolobium formosum
''Gastrolobium formosum'' is a small, trailing shrub, with red flowers, in the pea family (Fabaceae), which grows up to a metre high, on clays and loam in swamps and along river banks. The inflorescence consists of head of four unstalked flower ...
''
(Kippist ex Lindl.) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium leakeanum''
Drumm.—Mountain pea
* ''
Gastrolobium luteifolium''
(Domin) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium melanopetalum''
(F. Muell.) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium minus
''Gastrolobium minus'', also known as broad-leaved brachysema, is a prostrate shrub which is endemic (ecology), endemic to the Southwest Australia, south-west of Western Australia. It is a member of the family Fabaceae and of the genus ''Gastro ...
''
(Crisp) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium modestum''
(Crisp) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium mondurup''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium papilio''
(Crisp) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium praemorsum
''Gastrolobium praemorsum'' is a scrambling shrub which is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a member of the family Fabaceae and produces red pea-flowers from late winter to early summer (August to December in Australia). It i ...
''
(Meisn.) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium rubrum''
(Crisp) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium sericeum''
(Sm.) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium subcordatum''
(Benth.) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium vestitum''
(Domin) G. Chandler & Crisp
''Gastrolobium cruciatum'' Group
* ''
Gastrolobium cruciatum''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium epacridoides''
Meisn.
* ''
Gastrolobium punctatum''
(Turcz.) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium reticulatum''
(Meisn.) Benth.
''Gastrolobium floribundum'' Group
* ''
Gastrolobium crassifolium''
Benth.—Thick-leaved poison
* ''
Gastrolobium diabolophyllum''
G. Chandler, Crisp & R.J. Bayer
* ''
Gastrolobium floribundum''
S.Moore—Wodjil poison
* ''
Gastrolobium glaucum''
C.A.Gardner—Spike poison
* ''
Gastrolobium hians
''Gastrolobium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the Southwest Australia, south west region of Western Australia.
A significant number of the species ...
''
G.Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium laytonii''
Jean White—Breelya, Kite-leaved poison
* ''
Gastrolobium microcarpum''
(Meisn.) Benth.—Sandplain poison
* ''
Gastrolobium parvifolium''
Benth.—Berry poison
* ''
Gastrolobium polystachyum''
Meisn.—Horned poison, Hill River poison
* ''
Gastrolobium propinquum''
C.A.Gardner—Hutt River poison
* ''
Gastrolobium pycnostachyum''
Benth.—Mount Ragged poison, Round-leaved poison
* ''
Gastrolobium velutinum''
Lindl. & Paxton—White gum poison, Stirling Range poison
''Gastrolobium heterophyllum'' Group
* ''
Gastrolobium heterophyllum''
(Turcz.) Crisp—Slender poison
* ''
Gastrolobium nutans''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium pusillum''
Crisp & P.H. Weston
''Gastrolobium ilicifolium'' Group
* ''
Gastrolobium ilicifolium''
Meisn.
* ''
Gastrolobium rhombifolium''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium tricuspidatum''
Meisn.
''Gastrolobium obovatum'' Group
* ''
Gastrolobium bennettsianum''
C.A.Gardner—Cluster poison
* ''
Gastrolobium brownii''
Meisn.
* ''
Gastrolobium hookeri''
Meisn.
* ''
Gastrolobium latifolium''
(R. Br.) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium obovatum''
Benth.
* ''
Gastrolobium plicatum''
Turcz.
* ''
Gastrolobium pulchellum''
Turcz.
* ''
Gastrolobium spathulatum''
Benth.
* ''
Gastrolobium stowardii
''Gastrolobium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the south west region of Western Australia.
A significant number of the species accumulate monofluor ...
''
S. Moore
* ''
Gastrolobium truncatum''
Benth.
''Gastrolobium pyramidale'' Group
* ''
Gastrolobium coriaceum''
(Sm.) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium crenulatum''
Turcz.
* ''
Gastrolobium pyramidale''
T.Moore
''Gastrolobium retusum'' Group
* ''
Gastrolobium acutum''
Benth.
* ''
Gastrolobium alternifolium
''Gastrolobium alternifolium'' is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is a small multi-branched shrub with predominantly yellow pea flowers and is endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic ...
''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium capitatum''
(Benth.) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium crispatum''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium dorrienii''
(Domin) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium ebracteolatum''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium effusum''
(M.D. Crisp & F.H. Mollemans) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium linearifolium''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium nervosum''
(Meisn.) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium retusum''
Lindl.
* ''
Gastrolobium stipulare''
Meisn.
* ''
Gastrolobium whicherensis''
G. Chandler & Crisp
''Gastrolobium spinosum'' Group
* ''
Gastrolobium aculeatum''
G. Chandler, Crisp & R.J. Bayer
* ''
Gastrolobium euryphyllum''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium spinosum''
Benth.—Prickly poison
** var. ''grandiflorum''
C.Gardner
** var. ''spinosum''
Benth.
** var. ''triangulare''
Benth.
** var. ''trilobum''
S. Moore
* ''
Gastrolobium triangulare''
(Benth.) Domin
* ''
Gastrolobium trilobum''
Benth.—Bullock poison
* ''
Gastrolobium wonganensis''
G. Chandler & Crisp
''Gastrolobium villosum'' Group
* ''
Gastrolobium densifolium''
C.A.Gardner—Mallet poison
* ''
Gastrolobium glabratum''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium ovalifolium''
Henfr.—Runner poison
* ''
Gastrolobium rotundifolium''
Meisn.—Gilbernine poison
* ''
Gastrolobium tomentosum''
C.A.Gardner—Woolly poison
* ''
Gastrolobium villosum''
Benth.—Crinkle-leaved poison
''Incertae Sedis''
* ''
Gastrolobium axillare''
Meisn.
* ''
Gastrolobium cyanophyllum''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium dilatatum''
(Benth.) G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium elegans''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium ferrugineum''
G. Chandler, Crisp & R.J. Bayer
* ''
Gastrolobium humile''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium lehmannii''
Meisn.
* ''
Gastrolobium nudum''
G. Chandler & Crisp
* ''
Gastrolobium venulosum''
G. Chandler & Crisp
Species names with uncertain taxonomic status
The status of the following species is unresolved:
* ''Gastrolobium boormani''
Maiden & Betche
* ''Gastrolobium compactum''
C.A. Gardner
* ''Gastrolobium elachistum''
F.Muell.
* ''Gastrolobium henfreyi''
Lem.
* ''Gastrolobium huegelii''
Henfr.
* ''Gastrolobium makoyanum''
Heynh.
* ''Gastrolobium revolutum''
Crisp
* ''Gastrolobium scorsifolium''
F.Muell.
* ''Gastrolobium splendens''
Heynh.
* ''Gastrolobium velutinum''
Lindl. ex J. Paxton
* ''Gastrolobium verticillatum''
Heynh.
* ''Gastrolobium whicherense''
G.Chandler & Crisp
* ''Gastrolobium wonganense''
G.Chandler & Crisp
See also
*
Western Shield Conservation Practices
Notes
References
Further reading
*
*
*
External links
*
FloraBase the Western Australia Flora: ''Gastrolobium''
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2496817
Mirbelioids
Fabaceae genera
Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)