Gaston Eugène Marie Bonnier (9 April 1853 in Paris – 2 January 1922) was a French botanist and plant

ecologist Ecology () is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere level. Ecology overlaps wi ...

Biography

Bonnier first studied at

École Normale Supérieure École may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France * École, S ...

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...

from 1873 to 1876. Together with

Charles Flahault Charles Henri Marie Flahault (3 October 1852 – 3 February 1935) was a French botanist, among the early pioneers of phytogeography, phytosociology, and forest ecology. The word '' relevé'' for a plant community sample is his invention. Early l ...

, he studied at

Uppsala University Uppsala University ( sv, Uppsala universitet) is a public research university in Uppsala, Sweden. Founded in 1477, it is the oldest university in Sweden and the Nordic countries still in operation. The university rose to significance during ...

in 1878. They published two articles about their impressions: * Observations sur la flore cryptogamique de la Scandinavie * Sur la distribution des végétaux dans la region moyenne de la presqu’ile Scandinave (both with

1879) He became assistant professor, later full professor, of

botany Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek w ...

Sorbonne Sorbonne may refer to: * Sorbonne (building), historic building in Paris, which housed the University of Paris and is now shared among multiple universities. *the University of Paris (c. 1150 – 1970) *one of its components or linked institution, ...

in 1887 and, in addition, he founded a Plant Biological Laboratory in Fontainebleau in 1889. The same year, he co-founded the scientific journal Revue Générale de Botanique, which he edited until 1922. He was an early exponent of experimental plant ecology. He transplanted alpine plants between the

Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Swi ...

and

Pyrenees The Pyrenees (; es, Pirineos ; french: Pyrénées ; ca, Pirineu ; eu, Pirinioak ; oc, Pirenèus ; an, Pirineus) is a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. It extends nearly from its union with the Cantabrian Mountains to ...

and the research garden in Fontainebleau. The results were published in: * ''Cultures expérimentales dans les Alpes et les Pyrénées''. Revue Générale de Botanique 2 (1890): 513–546. * ''Les plantes arctiques comparées aux mêmes espèces des Alpes et des Pyrénées'' (1894). * ''Nouvelles observations sur les cultures expérimentales à diverses altitudes et cultures par semis''. Revue Générale de Botanique 22 (1920): 305–326. He authored several floras of

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

, such as * ''Nouvelle flore du Nord de la France et de la Belgique'' pour la détermination facile des plantes sans mots techniques. Vol. I. ''Tableaux synoptiques des plantes vasculaires de la flore de la France''. P. Dupont, Paris, 1894 (With

Georges de Layens Georges de Layens (January 6, 1834 in Lille - October 23, 1897 in Nice) was a French botanist and apiculturalist. He was the creator of a popular mobile beehive called the "Layens hive". Layens was a member of the Académie des sciences. From 1 ...

(1834–1897)). ** Vol. II. ''Nouvelle Flore des mousses et des hépatiques'' with Charles Isidore Douin (1858–1944). P. Dupont, Paris, 1895. ** Vol. III. ''Nouvelle Flore des champignons'' with

Julien Noël Costantin Julien Noël Costantin (16 August 1857 – 17 November 1936) was a French botanist and mycologist who was a native of Paris. He studied at École Normale Supérieure on the Rue d'Ulm. In 1881 he received his license in natural history and two y ...

(1857–1936) and Léon Jean Marie Dufour (1862–1942). P. Dupont, Paris, 1895. * ''Flore complète illustrée de France, Suisse et Belgique''. (1911). Notable students of Gaston Bonnier include

Henri Devaux Henri Edgard Devaux (6 July 1862 – 14 March 1956) was a French botanist, biophysicist, and plant physiologist who worked on gas exchange and membranes. In his studies on thin films, he was one of the pioneers of surface chemistry and molecular ...

Maurice Bouly de Lesdain Maurice Léopold Joseph Bouly de Lesdain (20 September 1869–3 January 1965) was a French botanist and lichenologist. Early life and career Bouly de Lesdain was born in Dunkirk on 20 September 1869. He did his classical studies at the Jesui ...

, Paul Becquerel, Louis Emberger,

Paul Jaccard Paul Jaccard (18 November 1868 in Sainte-Croix, Switzerland, Sainte-Croix – 9 May 1944 in Zurich) was a professor of botany and plant physiology at the ETH Zurich. He studied at the University of Lausanne and ETH Zurich (PhD 1894). He continued s ...

, and Albert Maige among others.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bonnier, Gaston 1853 births 1922 deaths Members of the French Academy of Sciences Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences 20th-century French botanists Academic staff of the University of Paris French ecologists 19th-century French botanists Plant ecologists Lamarckism