''Garm'' was a monthly political and satirical magazine published in Helsinki, Finland. The magazine existed for thirty years from 1923 to 1953. The title of the magazine is a reference to a

character Character or Characters may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''Character'' (novel), a 1936 Dutch novel by Ferdinand Bordewijk * ''Characters'' (Theophrastus), a classical Greek set of character sketches attributed to The ...

in the Norse mythology, a monstrous hound which defended the entrance to

Helheim Hel (Old Norse: ) is an afterlife location in Norse mythology and paganism. It is ruled over by a being of the same name, Hel. In late Icelandic sources, varying descriptions of Hel are given and various figures are described as being buried ...

, the Norse realm of the dead.

History and profile

''Garm'' was established in 1923 as a successor of '' Kerberos'' which was also a satirical magazine published in Finland. The founder was Henry Rein. The magazine was published in Helsinki on a monthly basis. It had a conservative political stance like its predecessor. However, unlike ''Kerberos'' ''Garm'' opposed both the nationalism in the form of true Finnishness and the extreme leftist politics. In addition, although ''Garm'' supported the Swedish language and

culture Culture () is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups ...

in Finland, it did not call for the cooperation with Sweden. The magazine mocked both

Communism Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a ...

and

Nazism Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) i ...

during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

. ''Garms readers were mostly politicians, celebrities, and other leading figures. Tito Colliander and

Jarl Hemmer Jarl Robert Hemmer (18 September 1893 – 6 December 1944) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish author. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in six consecutive years. Biography Hemmer was born into a wealthy family, from Vaasa, Finl ...

were among the ''Garm'' contributors. One of the most significant contributors of ''Garm'' was

Tove Jansson Tove Marika Jansson (; 9 August 1914 – 27 June 2001) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish author, novelist, painter, illustrator and comic strip author. Brought up by artistic parents, Jansson studied art from 1930 to 1938 in Stockholm, Helsinki and ...

who started her career in the magazine as a cartoonist in 1929 when she was just fifteen. Tove Jansson's mother, Signe Hammarsten-Jansson, also worked at the magazine from its start in 1923. Over time the former became the magazine's chief illustrator. Some characters in her

Moomin The Moomins ( sv, Mumintroll) are the central characters in a series of novels, short stories, and a comic strip by Finnish writer and illustrator Tove Jansson, originally published in Swedish by Schildts in Finland. They are a family of white ...

cartoon strips first appeared in the magazine. Jansson's political cartoons ridiculing

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...

and

Josef Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...

published in ''Garm'' were censored by the Finnish authorities. ''Garm'' folded in 1953 when its founder Henry Rein died.

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Garm 1923 establishments in Finland 1953 disestablishments in Finland Censorship in Finland Conservatism in Finland Conservative magazines Cultural magazines Defunct political magazines published in Finland Finnish political satire Magazines established in 1923 Magazines disestablished in 1953 Magazines published in Helsinki Monthly magazines published in Finland Satirical magazines Swedish-language magazines