Garin Le Loherain

The 12th-century ''chanson de geste'' of ''Garin le Loherain'' ('Garin the Lotharingian'), together with the slightly later ''Girbert de Metz'', form the core and initial parts of the so-called ''Lorraine cycle'', which was expanded in the 13th century by a prequel and three sequels. The cycle is one of the fiercest and most sanguinary narratives left by the ''trouvères''. This local cycle of Lorraine appears to have a historical basis. Although the actions as recorded cannot be identified with specific historical events, the poems are valuable depictions of the savage feudal wars in the 11th and 12th centuries.

Modern analysis

This local cycle of epics of Lorraine traditional history has reached us in what is considered to be a late form, which by then included details adopted from ''Huon de Bordeaux'' and ''Ogier the Dane''.

An early 20th-century critic, suggested that these poems resume historical traditions going back to the Vandal irruption of 408 and the Battle of Chalons fought by the Romans and the West Goths against the Huns in 451.

According to Paulin Paris (1800–1881), the family of Bordeaux represents the early dukes of Aquitaine. The last of these was Waifar (745–768), who was dispossessed and slain by Pippin the Short, King of the Franks. The ''trouvères'' maintained that the wars marked the end of the Carolingian dynasty.

Structure

The Lorraine cycle consists of the initial two epics of Garin and Girbert of Metz, expanded through three later-written parts, a prequel and three sequels, which together are hard to reduce to a linear narrative:
* ' prequel (10000 decasyllables), early 13th century
* ' (17000 decasyllables), 12th century
* ' (13000 decasyllables), end of 12th–early 13th century
* ' (2000 verses?), 13th century sequel, containing the only logical ending to the core story. Its original version is lost, the narrative being only preserved in the prose adaptation by Philippe de Vigneulles (1471–1528).
* ' (25000 decasyllables), end of 12th–early 13th century sequel
* ''Yon'', later known as ', 'Fromondin's Revenge' (6000 decasyllables), 13th century sequel.

Content

There are four recognized branches to the Lorraine cycle: ''Garin le Loherain'', ''Hervis de Metz, Gerbert de Metz'' and ''Anseÿs de Gascogne'', of which ''Yon'' is an abridged version. The series of narratives involve the exploits of the Dukes of Lorraine in their feud with the Dukes of Bordeaux from 751 to 768. It began with Garin and his brother, who were engaged with Fromont de Lens and Bernart de Naisil in a perpetual struggle. The conflict was extended by their successors.

The cycle relates three wars against hosts of heathen invaders. In the first of these, Charles Martel and his faithful vassal Hervis de Metz fight by an extraordinary anachronism against the Vandals, who have destroyed Reims and besieged other cities. They are defeated in a great battle near Troyes. In the second, Hervis is besieged in Metz by the "Wandres" or "Hongres".''Li romans de Garin le Loherain'', Volume 2, p
2
Techener, Paris, 1835 He sends first for help to Pippin, who defers his assistance by the advice of the traitor Hardré.

Hervis then transfers his allegiance to Ansis of Cologne, by whose help the invaders are repulsed, though Hervis himself is slain. In the third Thierry, King of Morianel sends to Pippin for help against four Saracen kings. He is delivered by a Frankish host, but falls in the battle. Hervis of Metz was the son of a citizen to whom the duke of Lorraine had married his daughter Aelis, and his sons Garin and Begue are the heroes of the ''chanson'', which gives its name to the cycle. The dying king Thierry had desired that his daughter Blanchefleur should marry Garin, but when Garin prefers his suit at the court of Pippin, Fromont of Bordeaux puts himself forward as his rival and Hardré, Fromont's father, is slain by Garin.

The rest of the poem is taken up with the war that ensues between the Lorrainers and the men of Bordeaux. They finally submit their differences to the king, only to begin their disputes once more. Blanchefleur becomes the wife of Pippin, while Garin remains her faithful servant. One of the most famous passages of the poem is the assassination of Begue by a nephew of Fromont, and Garin, after laying waste his enemy's territory, is himself slain. The remaining songs continue the feud between the two families.

Bibliography

Modern editions

''Hervis de Metz''

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''Garin le Loherain''

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''Gerbert de Metz''

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''Anseïs de Metz''

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''Yon ou la Venjance Fromondin''

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Studies

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* Lot, Ferdinand, ''Etudes d'histoire du moyen âge'' (Paris, 1896), in French.
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* Settegast, Franz, ''Quellenstudien zur gallo-romanischen Epik'' (Leipzig, 1904), in German.

References

*{{EB1911, wstitle=Garin le Loherain, volume=11, pages=467–468

External links

Cycle des Lorrains
(Arlima)

12th-century books
Chansons de geste
French poems
Matter of France