''Gardenia'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s in the coffee family,
Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules ...
, native to the
tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in
the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...
and
subtropical
The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Geographical z ...
regions of
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
,
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...
,
Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
and
Pacific Islands
Collectively called the Pacific Islands, the islands in the Pacific Ocean are further categorized into three major island groups: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Depending on the context, the term ''Pacific Islands'' may refer to one of se ...
,
and
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
.
The genus was named by
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
and
John Ellis after
Alexander Garden
Alexander Gardens (russian: Александровский сад) was one of the first urban public parks in Moscow, Russia. The park comprises three separate gardens, which stretch along all the length of the western Kremlin wall for between ...
(1730–1791), a
Scottish-born
American
American(s) may refer to:
* American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America"
** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America
** American ancestry, pe ...
naturalist.
Description
Gardenias are
evergreen
In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which ...
shrub
A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...
s and small
tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...
s growing to tall. The
leaves
A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...
are opposite or in whorls of three or four, long and broad, dark green and glossy with a leathery texture.
The
flower
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). The biological function of a flower is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechani ...
s are solitary or in small clusters, white, or pale yellow, with a tubular-based
corolla (botany)
The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals) or tepals when ...
with 5–12 lobes (
petal
Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''c ...
s) from diameter. Flowering is from about mid-spring to mid-summer, and many species are strongly scented.
Phytochemistry
Many of the native gardenias of the Pacific Islands and elsewhere in the paleotropics possess a diverse array of natural products. Methoxylated and oxygenated flavonols, flavones, and triterpenes accumulate on the vegetative- and floral-buds as yellow to brown droplets of secreted resin. Many focused phytochemical studies of these bud exudates have been published, including a population-level study of two rare, sympatric species of the Fiji Islands, ''G. candida'' and ''G. grievei''.
The evolutionary significance of the gums and resins of gardenias in attracting or repelling invertebrate herbivores, has yet to be explored by ecologists.
Systematics
''
Plants of the World Online
Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...
'' recognises 128 species in this genus, as follows:
* ''
Gardenia actinocarpa
''Gardenia actinocarpa'' is a rare and endangered plant in the madder family Rubiaceae that grows in a very restricted area within the Wet Tropics rainforest of north-east Queensland.
Description
This species grows as an evergreen understor ...
''
* ''
Gardenia anapetes
''Gardenia anapetes'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to the Fiji island of Vanua Levu
Vanua Levu (pronounced ), formerly known as Sandalwood Island, is the second largest island of Fiji. Located to the north of ...
''
* ''
Gardenia angkorensis
''Gardenia angkorensis'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that ...
''
* ''
Gardenia annamensis
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis aft ...
''
* ''
Gardenia aqualla
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis aft ...
''
* ''
Gardenia archboldiana
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis aft ...
''
* ''
Gardenia aubryi
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis aft ...
''
* ''
Gardenia barnesii
''Gardenia barnesii'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are ...
''
* ''
Gardenia beamanii''
* ''
Gardenia boninensis''
* ''
Gardenia brachythamnus
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis (nat ...
''
* ''
Gardenia brevicalyx
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis ...
''
* ''
Gardenia brighamii
''Gardenia brighamii'', commonly known as nānū, nau, or forest gardenia, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii.
Description
''Gardenia brighamii'' is a small tree, reaching a height of . Th ...
''
* ''
Gardenia buffalina''
* ''
Gardenia cambodiana''
* ''
Gardenia candida
''Gardenia candida'' is a species of asterid flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. This species is endemic to Fiji
Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island countr ...
''
* ''
Gardenia carinata
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis ...
''
* ''
Gardenia carstensensis''
* ''
Gardenia chanii
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis aft ...
''
* ''
Gardenia chevalieri''
* ''
Gardenia clemensiae''
* ''
Gardenia collinsiae''
* ''
Gardenia cornuta
''Gardenia cornuta'', commonly known as Tonga gardenia, Natal gardenia or horned gardenia, is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae native to southern Africa.
Though specimens were collected in 1870, the species was not described until 190 ...
''
* ''
Gardenia coronaria''
* ''
Gardenia costulata''
* ''
Gardenia crameri''
* ''
Gardenia cuneata
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis (nat ...
''
* ''
Gardenia dacryoides
''Gardenia dacryoides'', commonly known as malava, is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shru ...
''
* ''
Gardenia elata''
* ''
Gardenia epiphytica''
* ''
Gardenia erubescens''
* ''
Gardenia esculenta''
* ''
Gardenia ewartii
''Gardenia ewartii'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are ...
''
* ''
Gardenia faucicola''
* ''
Gardenia fiorii
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis (nat ...
''
* ''
Gardenia flava
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis (nat ...
''
* ''
Gardenia fosbergii
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis aft ...
''
* ''
Gardenia fucata''
* ''
Gardenia fusca''
* ''
Gardenia gardneri
''Gardenia gardneri'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are ...
''
* ''
Gardenia gjellerupii
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis (nat ...
''
* ''
Gardenia gordonii''
* ''
Gardenia grievei
''Gardenia grievei'' is a species of asterid flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. This species, among others, is endemic to Fiji
Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the Republic of Fiji, is a ...
''
* ''
Gardenia griffithii''
* ''
Gardenia gummifera''
* ''
Gardenia hageniana
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis (nat ...
''
* ''
Gardenia hainanensis''
* ''
Gardenia hansemannii''
* ''
Gardenia hillii
''Gardenia hillii'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organi ...
''
* ''
Gardenia hutchinsoniana''
* ''
Gardenia imperialis''
* ''
Gardenia invaginata''
* ''
Gardenia ixorifolia
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis ...
''
* ''
Gardenia jabiluka
''Gardenia jabiluka'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are ...
''
* ''
Gardenia jasminoides
''Gardenia jasminoides'', commonly known as gardenia, is an evergreen flowering plant in the coffee family Rubiaceae. It is native to parts of South-East Asia. Wild plants range from 30 centimetres to 3 metres (about 1 to 10 feet) in height. The ...
''
* ''
Gardenia kabaenensis''
* ''
Gardenia kakaduensis''
* ''
Gardenia kamialiensis''
* ''
Gardenia lacciflua''
* ''
Gardenia lamingtonii
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis (nat ...
''
* ''
Gardenia lanutoo''
* ''
Gardenia latifolia''
* ''
Gardenia leopoldiana
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis aft ...
''
* ''
Gardenia leschenaultii
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis (nat ...
''
* ''
Gardenia longistipula
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis (nat ...
''
* ''
Gardenia magnifica''
* ''
Gardenia mannii
''Gardenia mannii'', the nānū, Oahu gardenia or Mann's gardenia, is a species of flowering tree in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, that is endemic to the island of Oahu in Hawaii. It inhabits coastal mesic, mixed mesic, and wet forests at ele ...
''
* ''
Gardenia manongarivensis''
* ''
Gardenia maugaloae
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis ...
''
* ''
Gardenia megasperma
''Gardenia megasperma'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that a ...
''
* ''
Gardenia moszkowskii
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis a ...
''
* ''
Gardenia mutabilis''
* ''
Gardenia nitida
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis (nat ...
''
* ''
Gardenia obtusifolia
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis (nat ...
''
* ''
Gardenia ornata''
* ''
Gardenia oudiepe
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis (nat ...
''
* ''
Gardenia ovularis
''Gardenia ovularis'' is a small tree in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to a very restricted part of north east Queensland, namely the coastal rainforests from the Bloomfield River southwards to Etty Bay, and with a further isolated occur ...
''
* ''
Gardenia pallens
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis (nat ...
''
* ''
Gardenia panduriformis''
* ''
Gardenia papuana
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis aft ...
''
* ''
Gardenia philastrei
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis (nat ...
''
* ''
Gardenia posoquerioides''
* ''
Gardenia propinqua''
* ''
Gardenia psidioides
''Gardenia psidioides'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae native to northeastern Australia.
References
Gardenia, psidioides
Endemic flora of Queensland
Taxa named by Christopher Francis Puttock
{{Ixoroideae-stub ...
''
* ''
Gardenia pterocalyx
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis ...
''
* ''
Gardenia pyriformis
''Gardenia pyriformis'', commonly known as malara, native gardenia or turpentine tree, is a species of plant in the coffee family. It is native to northern Australia where it occurs from the Kimberley region of north-western Western Australia, a ...
''
* ''Gardenia racemulosa''
* ''Gardenia reflexisepala''
* ''Gardenia reinwardtiana''
* ''Gardenia remyi''
* ''Gardenia resinifera''
* ''Gardenia resiniflua''
* ''Gardenia resinosa''
* ''Gardenia rupicola''
* ''Gardenia rutenbergiana''
* ''Gardenia sambiranensis''
* ''Gardenia saxatilis''
* ''Gardenia scabrella''
* ''Gardenia schlechteri''
* ''Gardenia schwarzii''
* ''Gardenia sericea''
* ''Gardenia similis''
* ''Gardenia siphonocalyx''
* ''Gardenia sokotensis''
* ''Gardenia sootepensis''
* ''Gardenia stenophylla''
* ''Gardenia storckii''
* ''Gardenia subacaulis''
* ''Gardenia subcarinata''
* ''Gardenia taitensis''
* ''Gardenia tannaensis''
* ''Gardenia ternifolia''
* ''Gardenia tessellaris''
* ''Gardenia thailandica''
* ''Gardenia thunbergia''
* ''Gardenia tinneae''
* ''Gardenia transvenulosa''
* ''Gardenia trochainii''
* ''Gardenia tropidocarpa''
* ''Gardenia truncata''
* ''Gardenia tubifera''
* ''Gardenia urvillei''
* ''Gardenia vernicosa''
* ''Gardenia vilhelmii''
* ''Gardenia vitiensis''
* ''Gardenia vogelii''
* ''Gardenia volkensii''
* ''Gardenia vulcanica''
Cultivation and uses
Gardenia plants are prized for the strong sweet scent of their flowers, which can be very large in size in some species.
''Gardenia jasminoides'' (syn. ''G. grandiflora'', ''G. Florida'') is cultivated as a house plant. This species can be difficult to grow because it originated in warm humid tropical areas. It demands high humidity to thrive, and bright (not direct) light. It flourishes in acidic soils with good drainage and thrives on [20-23 C temperatures (68-74 F)] during the day and 15-16 C (60 F) in the evening. Houseplant#Soil, Potting soils developed especially for gardenias are available. ''G. jasminoides'' grows no larger than 18 inches in height and width when grown indoors. In climates where it can be grown outdoors, it can attain a height of 6 feet. If water touches the flowers, they will turn brown.
In Eastern Asia, ''Gardenia jasminoides'' is called (wikt:栀, 栀子) in China, (치자) in Korea, and (wikt:梔, 梔) in Japan. Its fruit is used as a yellow dye, used on fabric and food (including the Korean mung bean jelly called ''hwangpomuk''). Its fruits are also used in traditional Chinese medicine for their clearing, calming, and cooling properties.
In France, gardenias are the flower traditionally worn by men as boutonnière when in white tie, evening dress. In ''The Age of Innocence'', Edith Wharton suggests it was customary for upper-class men from New York City to wear a gardenia in their buttonhole during the Gilded Age.
Sigmund Freud remarked to the poet H.D. that gardenias were his favorite flower.
In Tiki culture, "Donn Beach", aka Don the Beachcomber, frequently wore a fresh lei of gardenias almost every day at his Tiki bars, allegedly spending $7,800 for flowers over the course of four years in 1938. He named one of his drinks the ''Mystery Gardenia'' cocktail. Trader Vic's, Trader Vic frequently used the gardenia as a flower garnish in his Tiki bar, Tiki drinks, such as in the Scorpion bowl, Scorpion and ''Outrigger Tiara'' cocktails.
Several species occur in Hawaii, where gardenias are known as ''nau'' or ''nānū''.
Crocetin is a chemical compound usually obtained from ''Crocus sativus'', which can also be obtained from the fruit of ''Gardenia jasminoides''. Gordonin is a novel methoxylated flavonol secreted in golden-colored resinous droplets of ''Gardenia gordonii'', which is one of several critically endangered species of the Fiji Islands. Phytochemical studies of these resin droplets have been published, including a population-level study of two other rare, sympatric species on Vanua Levu Island of the Fiji Archipelago, ''G. candida'' and ''G. grievei''.
[Miller, J. M. and S. Sotheeswaran. 1993. Bud exudate composition and ecogeography of Fijian Gardenia species (Rubiaceae). Biotropica 25(1): 117-122]
Hattie McDaniel famously wore gardenias in her hair when she accepted an Academy Award, the first for an African American, for ''Gone with the Wind (film), Gone with the Wind''. Mo'Nique, Mo'Nique Hicks later wore gardenias in her hair when she won her Oscar as a tribute to McDaniel.
Gallery
Image:Starr_030523-0050_Gardenia_brighamii.jpg, ''Gardenia brighamii''
Image:White Gardenia flower.jpg, ''Gardenia jasminoides'' 'Plena'
Image:Gardenia_Flower.jpg, ''Gardenia jasminoides''l 'Radicans'
Image:Gardenia psidioides flower.jpg, ''Gardenia psidioides''
Image:Tiare_maori.JPG, ''Gardenia taitensis''
Image:Gardenia thunbergia00.jpg,
Image:Gardeniavolkensii-flowerface.JPG, ''Gardenia volkensii'' flower
Image:Gardeniavolkensii-flowers&foliage&fruit.JPG, ''Gardenia volkensii'' flowers, foliage, fruit
Image:Blooming stages of gardenia flower 01.jpg, Blooming stages of gardenia flower (1 of 6)
Image:Blooming stages of gardenia flower 02.jpg, Blooming stages of gardenia flower (2 of 6)
Image:Blooming stages of gardenia flower 03.jpg, Blooming stages of gardenia flower (3 of 6)
Image:Blooming stages of gardenia flower 04.jpg, Blooming stages of gardenia flower (4 of 6)
Image:Blooming stages of gardenia flower 05.jpg, Blooming stages of gardenia flower (5 of 6)
Image:Blooming stages of gardenia flower 06.jpg, Blooming stages of gardenia flower (6 of 6)
References
External links
World Checklist of Rubiaceae
{{Taxonbar, from=Q740887
Gardenia,
Rubiaceae genera