García Sánchez II (
Basque
Basque may refer to:
* Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France
* Basque language, their language
Places
* Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France
* Basque Country (autonomous co ...
: ''Gartzea II.a Santxez''; died c. 1000), was
King of Pamplona
The Kingdom of Navarre (; , , , ), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona (), was a Basque kingdom that occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, alongside the Atlantic Ocean between present-day Spain and France.
The medieval state took ...
and
Count of Aragon
The County of Aragon ( an, Condato d'Aragón) or County of Jaca ( an, Condato de Chaca, link=no) was a small Frankish marcher county in the central Pyrenean valley of the Aragon river, comprising Ansó, Echo, and Canfranc and centered on the sm ...
from 994 until his death c. 1000. He was the eldest son of
Sancho II of Pamplona
Sancho Garcés II (Basque: ''Antso II.a Gartzez'', c. 938 – 994), also known as Sancho II, was King of Pamplona and Count of Aragon from 970 until his death in 994. He was the eldest son of García Sánchez I of Pamplona and Andregoto Galínde ...
and
Urraca Fernández
Urraca Fernández (died 1007) was queen of León and Navarre as the wife of two kings of León and one king of Navarre between 951 and 994. She acted as regent for her son Gonzalo in the County of Aragon in circa 996-997, and served as co-regent ...
and the second Pamplonese monarch to also hold the title of count of Aragon. Modern historians refer to him as ''the Tremulous'', though this appellation likely originally applied to his grandfather,
García Sánchez I of Pamplona.
Biography
Throughout his reign, his foreign policy seems to have been closely linked to that of
Castile. His mother was an aunt of count
Sancho García of Castile
Sancho García (died 5 February 1017), called of the Good Laws (in Spanish, ''el de los Buenos Fueros''), was the count of Castile and Álava from 995 to his death.
Biography
Sancho was the son of count García Fernández and his wife Ava of R ...
, and also of the powerful count of Saldaña,
García Gómez of Carrión, and she appears to have played a role in forming a bridge between the kingdom and county.
He joined his cousin Sancho in attempting to break from the submission his father had offered to
Córdoba, as a result of which he had to face
Almanzor
Abu ʿĀmir Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh ibn Abi ʿĀmir al-Maʿafiri ( ar, أبو عامر محمد بن عبد الله بن أبي عامر المعافري), nicknamed al-Manṣūr ( ar, المنصور, "the Victorious"), which is often Latiniz ...
. In 996 he was forced to seek peace in
Córdoba. In 997 during an expedition into the land of
Calatayud
Calatayud (; 2014 pop. 20,658) is a Municipalities of Spain, municipality in the Province of Zaragoza, within Aragón, Spain, lying on the river Jalón (river), Jalón, in the midst of the Sistema Ibérico mountain range. It is the second-larges ...
, García killed the governor's brother. Almanzor took revenge by beheading 50 Christians. At the
Battle of Cervera
The Battle of Cervera took place near Espinosa de Cervera on 29 July 1000 between the Christian troops of counts Sancho García of Castile and García Gómez of Saldaña and the Muslim Caliphate of Córdoba under the ''hajib'' Almanzor. The b ...
in July 1000, he joined, along with count
García Gómez of Saldaña, in a coalition headed by count
Sancho García of Castile
Sancho García (died 5 February 1017), called of the Good Laws (in Spanish, ''el de los Buenos Fueros''), was the count of Castile and Álava from 995 to his death.
Biography
Sancho was the son of count García Fernández and his wife Ava of R ...
that was defeated by Almanzor (that count Sancho led the group is thought to reflect García's decline). Tradition names him one of the Christian leaders at the 1002
Battle of Calatañazor, which resulted in the death of Almanzor and the consequent crisis in the
Caliphate of Córdoba
The Caliphate of Córdoba ( ar, خلافة قرطبة; transliterated ''Khilāfat Qurṭuba''), also known as the Cordoban Caliphate was an Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 929 to 1031. Its territory comprised Iberia and parts o ...
, but there is no contemporary record of him after 1000, while his cousin
Sancho Ramírez of Viguera
Sancho Ramírez ( Basque: ''Antso Ramirez''; dead c. 1002) was the second King of Viguera, from 981 until his death c. 1002. He was the eldest son of Ramiro Garcés, the first king of Viguera, and also grandson of García Sánchez I of Pamplona. ...
may have been ruling in Pamplona in 1002. García was certainly dead by 1004, when his son
Sancho Garcés III first appears as king.
Domestically, he granted the rule in Aragon to his brother Gonzalo, under the tutelage of his mother Urraca. A tradition reports that he freed all of the
Muslim
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
captives being held in the kingdom.
Marriage and children
García Sánchez II was married to Jimena Fernández, daughter of
Fernando Bermúdez
Fernando is a Spanish and Portuguese given name and a surname common in Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Switzerland, former Spanish or Portuguese colonies in Latin America, Africa, the Philippines, India, and Sri Lanka. It is equivalent to the G ...
, Count of Cea and a distinguished member of the highest ranks of the nobility of the
Kingdom of León
The Kingdom of León; es, Reino de León; gl, Reino de León; pt, Reino de Leão; la, Regnum Legionense; mwl, Reino de Lhion was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. It was founded in 910 when t ...
. They had the following children:
*
Sancho Garcés III,
King of Navarre
This is a list of the kings and queens of kingdom of Pamplona, Pamplona, later kingdom of Navarre, Navarre. Pamplona was the primary name of the kingdom until its union with Kingdom of Aragon, Aragon (1076–1134). However, the territorial desig ...
and
Count of Aragon
The County of Aragon ( an, Condato d'Aragón) or County of Jaca ( an, Condato de Chaca, link=no) was a small Frankish marcher county in the central Pyrenean valley of the Aragon river, comprising Ansó, Echo, and Canfranc and centered on the sm ...
from 1004 until his death in 1035.
* Elvira Garcés, nun in the
Monastery of Leyre
The Monastery of San Salvador of Leyre ( eu, Leireko San Salbatore monasterioa; es, Monasterio de San Salvador de Leire) is a religious complex to the south of the Sierra of Leyre, in northern Navarre, Spain, representing one of the most import ...
.
* García Garcés
* Urraca Garcés,
Queen consort of León
This is a list of the '' royal consort'' of the '' Kingdom of León''.
''It is, in part, a continuation of the list of Asturian royal consorts''.
Royal Consorts of León
House of Alfonso
House of Jiménez
House of Burgundy
Ho ...
by her marriage to
Alfonso V of León
Alfonso V (c. 9947 August 1028), called the Noble, was King of León from 999 to 1028. Like other kings of León, he used the title emperor () to assert his standing among the Christian rulers of Spain. He succeeded his father, Bermudo II, in 99 ...
from 1023 until her death in 1031.
Ancestry
Notes
Sources
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Garcia Sanchez 02 of Pamplona
10th-century births
1004 deaths
10th-century Navarrese monarchs
11th-century Navarrese monarchs
House of Jiménez
Counts of Aragon
Burials at the Monastery of San Juan de la Peña