Galyon Hone (died 1552) was a glazier from

Bruges Bruges ( , nl, Brugge ) is the capital and largest City status in Belgium, city of the Provinces of Belgium, province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium, in the northwest of the country, and the sixth-largest city of the countr ...

who worked for

Henry VIII of England Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disa ...

Hampton Court Hampton Court Palace is a Grade I listed royal palace in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, southwest and upstream of central London on the River Thames. The building of the palace began in 1514 for Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, the chief ...

and in other houses making

stained glass Stained glass is coloured glass as a material or works created from it. Throughout its thousand-year history, the term has been applied almost exclusively to the windows of churches and other significant religious buildings. Although tradition ...

windows. His work involved replacing the heraldry and ciphers of Henry VIII's wives in windows when the king remarried. King's College Chapel, Cambridge - The Great East Window

King's College Chapel, Cambridge - The Great East Window

Career

He joined the Guild of St Luke in

Antwerp Antwerp (; nl, Antwerpen ; french: Anvers ; es, Amberes) is the largest city in Belgium by area at and the capital of Antwerp Province in the Flemish Region. With a population of 520,504,

in 1492. In England, Hone was made the King's glazier in succession to Barnard Flower. Hone made glass for

Eton College Eton College () is a public school in Eton, Berkshire, England. It was founded in 1440 by Henry VI under the name ''Kynge's College of Our Ladye of Eton besyde Windesore'',Nevill, p. 3 ff. intended as a sister institution to King's College, C ...

and

King's College Chapel, Cambridge King's College Chapel is the chapel of King's College in the University of Cambridge. It is considered one of the finest examples of late Perpendicular Gothic English architecture and features the world's largest fan vault. The Chapel was bui ...

. Three design drawings for the King's College windows are held by

Bowdoin College Bowdoin College ( ) is a private liberal arts college in Brunswick, Maine. When Bowdoin was chartered in 1794, Maine was still a part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The college offers 34 majors and 36 minors, as well as several joint eng ...

Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and north ...

, and can be related to contracts made by Galyon Hone and other glaziers in 1526. A design for stained glass in known as a "vidumus". The drawings at Bowdoin are in the manner of

Dirck Vellert Dirck Vellert (1480, Amsterdam – 1547, Antwerp), was a Flemish Renaissance painter. Biography According to the RKD he was a draughtsman, glass painter and engraver who made small devotional prints to put in albums.St Mary Magdalene Mary Magdalene (sometimes called Mary of Magdala, or simply the Magdalene or the Madeleine) was a woman who, according to the four canonical gospels, traveled with Jesus as one of his followers and was a witness to his crucifixion and resurre ...

and then in

Southwark Southwark ( ) is a district of Central London situated on the south bank of the River Thames, forming the north-western part of the wider modern London Borough of Southwark. The district, which is the oldest part of South London, developed ...

. There was a community of artists and craftsmen from Holland and the Netherlands, and in 1547 Hone was mentioned in the will of his friend, the court goldsmith

Cornelis Hayes Cornelis Hayes or Heys was a Flemish jeweller who settled in London in 1524. Career and works In 1524 uncut diamonds from the wreck of the ''Martyn'' at Chichester were brought to Hayes by the wife of Arnold Stotlz, a brewer of Portsmouth. Hayes r ...

. Hone and the printer

John Siberch John Siberch ( 1476–1554) was the first Cambridge printer and an associate of Erasmus. Life Early life Johann Lair was born in c.1476 to Peter (a master wool weaver and town councillor) and Lena von Lair. The family moved from Sieglar (La ...

were overseers of the will of a German painter living in Bermondsey, Henry Blankstone. Blankstone painted renaissance style borders and royal ciphers in the Long Gallery at Hampton Court. Withcote chapel

In 1533 Galyon Hone's work at Hampton Court included heraldic glass:

In the two great windows in the at the ends of the hallis two great arms with four beasts in them ... Also in the said windows in the hall is 30 of the King and Queens arms ... also badges of the King and Queen ... also 77 sceptres with the King's word ... glazing 11 side windows ...in the gable window at the east end the Queen's arms new set.

Galyon Hone supplied heraldic glass before February 1534 for Henry VIII at

Hunsdon House Hunsdon House is a historic house in Hunsdon, Hertfordshire, England, northwest of Harlow. Originally constructed in the 15th century, it was most notably the estate of Henry VIII of England. It has been rebuilt several times since then, and is ...

, Hertfordshire. In 1534 he made some repairs at

Woking Palace Woking Palace is a former manor house of the Royal Manor of Woking on the outskirts of Woking, near the village of Old Woking, Surrey. The manor was in the gift of the Crown, and was held by numerous nominees of the Crown until 1466 when Lady Marg ...

and at Westenhanger where he glazed the windows of chamber for Princess Mary and her maidens. Hone reworked old glass in the chapel at Leeds Castle in 1536. In 1541 Hone made windows for the presence chamber and watching chamber at Hampton Court, and provided glass for Henry's palace at

The More ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...

. He had a son, Gerrard Hone, who was also a glazier working in England. Gerrard Hone married Marion, a niece of the royal carpenter Thomas Stockton, and widow of Jasper Rolfe. During restoration work at Hampton Court in the 1840s by the glazier Thomas Willement, some stained glass, possibly by Galyon Hone, was recovered and removed. It was presented to the church of St Alban at Earsdon, near Whitley Bay by Lord Hastings of Delavel Hall in 1878.

Withcote and Roger Ratcliffe

Surviving windows at

Withcote Chapel Withcote is a small parish currently comprising a number of scattered dwellings in Harborough, a local government district of Leicestershire. The population is included in the civil parish of Braunston-in-Rutland. Buildings Withcote Hall is ...

near Oakham may have been made by Galyon Hone. They were made for

Roger Ratcliffe Roger Ratcliffe (died 1537) was an English courtier. Career Ratcliffe was in the service of Margaret, Countess of Richmond, and in February 1510 was rewarded with the office of Bailiff of Fremington in Devon. He had joined the household of Cather ...

(died 1537), a former member of the household of

Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon (also spelt as Katherine, ; 16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536) was Queen of England as the first wife of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 11 June 1509 until their annulment on 23 May 1533. She was previously ...

, and his wife Catherine, widow of William Smith ''alias'' Heriz, and daughter of William Ashby. The glass includes their heraldry and the phoenix badge of

Jane Seymour Jane Seymour (c. 150824 October 1537) was List of English consorts, Queen of England as the third wife of King Henry VIII of England from their Wives of Henry VIII, marriage on 30 May 1536 until her death the next year. She became queen followi ...

. The attribution is based on the Flemish character of the painting, the use of royal insignia, and Ratcliffe's connection to the Henrician court. Roger Ratcliffe attended the queen at the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520, and was described as an usher of the privy chamber to Henry VIII in the Eltham Ordinance. He went to Scotland in 1524 with Doctor Magnus to meet the king's sister Margaret Tudor. Ratcliffe's role was to amuse her son, the young James V of Scotland. They brought Henry's gift to Margaret, a length of cloth of gold, and a sword for James. They saw the king dance, sing, ride, run with a spear, and his other excellent "princely actes and doinggs". The mission was managed by Cardinal Wolsey. Henry VIII allowed Ratcliffe to take building materials from Rockingham Castle to Withcote in 1534.

Drawings for Cardinal Wolsey

A surviving set of drawings seems to relate to

Cardinal Wolsey Thomas Wolsey ( – 29 November 1530) was an English statesman and Catholic bishop. When Henry VIII became King of England in 1509, Wolsey became the king's almoner. Wolsey's affairs prospered and by 1514 he had become the controlling figur ...

's windows in the chapel at Hampton Court, and are held by the

Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium (french: Musées royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, nl, Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten van België) are a group of art museums in Brussels, Belgium. They include six museums: the Oldmasters Muse ...

. A design for

is known as a "vidimus". The drawings may have been sent to Wolsey by an artist in Flanders, in the circle of

Erhard Schön Erhard Schön ( 1491–1542) was a German woodcut designer and painter. Schön was born in Nuremberg as the son of painter Max Schön III. He probably started to learn his trade as an artist in the workshop of his father. He was clearly influenced ...

, and the glass made in London by the glazier James Nicholson. Hone altered the chapel windows by including the badges of

Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn (; 1501 or 1507 – 19 May 1536) was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536, as the second wife of King Henry VIII. The circumstances of her marriage and of her execution by beheading for treason and other charges made her a key ...

and subsequently Jane Seymour. The windows were taken down by iconoclasts in 1645.

Hilary Wayment Hilary Godwin Wayment OBE, FSA (1912–2005) was a British author and historian of stained glass. Early life Wayment was born in Woolwich, east London on 23 April 1912, the son of Alfred Wayment, headmaster of the local church school. His ...

, ''Twenty-Four Vidimuses for Cardinal Wolsey'', ''Master Drawings'', vol. 23/24 no. 4 (1986), pp. 503-517, a related drawing is held by the

National Galleries of Scotland National Galleries of Scotland ( gd, Gailearaidhean Nàiseanta na h-Alba) is the executive non-departmental public body that controls the three national galleries of Scotland and two partner galleries, forming one of the National Collections o ...

References

External links

Glass at Withcote, Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi, CVMA

Glass at King's College Chapel, Cambridge, Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi, CVMA

Earsdon Church and the glass from Hampton Court, Northernvicar’s Blog

Three designs for stained glass, Bowdoin College
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hone, Galyon People from Bruges Court of Henry VIII 1552 deaths Renaissance architecture in England Glaziers English stained glass artists and manufacturers Hampton Court Palace Material culture of royal courts