Galyon Hone (died 1552) was a glazier from
Bruges
Bruges ( , nl, Brugge ) is the capital and largest City status in Belgium, city of the Provinces of Belgium, province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium, in the northwest of the country, and the sixth-largest city of the countr ...
who worked for
Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disa ...
at
Hampton Court
Hampton Court Palace is a Grade I listed royal palace in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, southwest and upstream of central London on the River Thames. The building of the palace began in 1514 for Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, the chief ...
and in other houses making
stained glass
Stained glass is coloured glass as a material or works created from it. Throughout its thousand-year history, the term has been applied almost exclusively to the windows of churches and other significant religious buildings. Although tradition ...
windows. His work involved replacing the heraldry and ciphers of Henry VIII's wives in windows when the king remarried.
Career
He joined the Guild of St Luke in
Antwerp
Antwerp (; nl, Antwerpen ; french: Anvers ; es, Amberes) is the largest city in Belgium by area at and the capital of Antwerp Province in the Flemish Region. With a population of 520,504, in 1492.
In England, Hone was made the King's glazier in succession to
Barnard Flower. Hone made glass for
Eton College
Eton College () is a public school in Eton, Berkshire, England. It was founded in 1440 by Henry VI under the name ''Kynge's College of Our Ladye of Eton besyde Windesore'',Nevill, p. 3 ff. intended as a sister institution to King's College, C ...
and
King's College Chapel, Cambridge
King's College Chapel is the chapel of King's College in the University of Cambridge. It is considered one of the finest examples of late Perpendicular Gothic English architecture and features the world's largest fan vault. The Chapel was bui ...
. Three design drawings for the King's College windows are held by
Bowdoin College
Bowdoin College ( ) is a private liberal arts college in Brunswick, Maine. When Bowdoin was chartered in 1794, Maine was still a part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The college offers 34 majors and 36 minors, as well as several joint eng ...
,
Maine
Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and north ...
, and can be related to contracts made by Galyon Hone and other glaziers in 1526. A design for stained glass in known as a "vidumus". The drawings at Bowdoin are in the manner of
Dirck Vellert
Dirck Vellert (1480, Amsterdam – 1547, Antwerp), was a Flemish Renaissance painter.
Biography
According to the RKD he was a draughtsman, glass painter and engraver who made small devotional prints to put in albums.[St Mary Magdalene
Mary Magdalene (sometimes called Mary of Magdala, or simply the Magdalene or the Madeleine) was a woman who, according to the four canonical gospels, traveled with Jesus as one of his followers and was a witness to his crucifixion and
resurre ...]
and then in
Southwark
Southwark ( ) is a district of Central London situated on the south bank of the River Thames, forming the north-western part of the wider modern London Borough of Southwark. The district, which is the oldest part of South London, developed ...
. There was a community of artists and craftsmen from Holland and the Netherlands, and in 1547 Hone was mentioned in the will of his friend, the court goldsmith
Cornelis Hayes Cornelis Hayes or Heys was a Flemish jeweller who settled in London in 1524.
Career and works
In 1524 uncut diamonds from the wreck of the ''Martyn'' at Chichester were brought to Hayes by the wife of Arnold Stotlz, a brewer of Portsmouth. Hayes r ...
. Hone and the printer
John Siberch
John Siberch ( 1476–1554) was the first Cambridge printer and an associate of Erasmus.
Life
Early life
Johann Lair was born in c.1476 to Peter (a master wool weaver and town councillor) and Lena von Lair. The family moved from Sieglar (La ...
were overseers of the will of a German painter living in
Bermondsey, Henry Blankstone. Blankstone painted renaissance style borders and royal ciphers in the Long Gallery at Hampton Court.
![Withcote chapel](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Withcote_chapel.jpg)
In 1533 Galyon Hone's work at Hampton Court included heraldic glass:
In the two great windows in the at the ends of the hallis two great arms with four beasts in them ... Also in the said windows in the hall is 30 of the King and Queens arms ... also badges of the King and Queen ... also 77 sceptres with the King's word ... glazing 11 side windows ...in the gable window at the east end the Queen's arms new set.
Galyon Hone supplied heraldic glass before February 1534 for Henry VIII at
Hunsdon House
Hunsdon House is a historic house in Hunsdon, Hertfordshire, England, northwest of Harlow. Originally constructed in the 15th century, it was most notably the estate of Henry VIII of England. It has been rebuilt several times since then, and is ...
, Hertfordshire. In 1534 he made some repairs at
Woking Palace
Woking Palace is a former manor house of the Royal Manor of Woking on the outskirts of Woking, near the village of Old Woking, Surrey.
The manor was in the gift of the Crown, and was held by numerous nominees of the Crown until 1466 when Lady Marg ...
and at
Westenhanger where he glazed the windows of chamber for
Princess Mary and her maidens. Hone reworked old glass in the chapel at
Leeds Castle in 1536. In 1541 Hone made windows for the presence chamber and watching chamber at Hampton Court, and provided glass for Henry's palace at
The More
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...
.
He had a son, Gerrard Hone, who was also a glazier working in England. Gerrard Hone married Marion, a niece of the royal carpenter Thomas Stockton, and widow of Jasper Rolfe.
During restoration work at Hampton Court in the 1840s by the glazier
Thomas Willement, some stained glass, possibly by Galyon Hone, was recovered and removed. It was presented to the church of St Alban at
Earsdon, near
Whitley Bay by
Lord Hastings of
Delavel Hall in 1878.
Withcote and Roger Ratcliffe
Surviving windows at
Withcote Chapel
Withcote is a small parish currently comprising a number of scattered dwellings in Harborough, a local government district of Leicestershire. The population is included in the civil parish of Braunston-in-Rutland.
Buildings
Withcote Hall is ...
near
Oakham may have been made by Galyon Hone. They were made for
Roger Ratcliffe
Roger Ratcliffe (died 1537) was an English courtier.
Career
Ratcliffe was in the service of Margaret, Countess of Richmond, and in February 1510 was rewarded with the office of Bailiff of Fremington in Devon. He had joined the household of Cather ...
(died 1537), a former member of the household of
Catherine of Aragon
Catherine of Aragon (also spelt as Katherine, ; 16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536) was Queen of England as the first wife of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 11 June 1509 until their annulment on 23 May 1533. She was previously ...
, and his wife Catherine, widow of William Smith ''alias'' Heriz, and daughter of William Ashby. The glass includes their heraldry and the phoenix badge of
Jane Seymour
Jane Seymour (c. 150824 October 1537) was List of English consorts, Queen of England as the third wife of King Henry VIII of England from their Wives of Henry VIII, marriage on 30 May 1536 until her death the next year. She became queen followi ...
. The attribution is based on the Flemish character of the painting, the use of royal insignia, and Ratcliffe's connection to the Henrician court.
Roger Ratcliffe attended the queen at the
Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520, and was described as an usher of the privy chamber to Henry VIII in the
Eltham Ordinance. He went to Scotland in 1524 with
Doctor Magnus to meet the king's sister
Margaret Tudor. Ratcliffe's role was to amuse her son, the young
James V of Scotland. They brought Henry's gift to Margaret, a length of cloth of gold, and a sword for James. They saw the king dance, sing, ride, run with a spear, and his other excellent "princely actes and doinggs". The mission was managed by Cardinal Wolsey. Henry VIII allowed Ratcliffe to take building materials from
Rockingham Castle to Withcote in 1534.
Drawings for Cardinal Wolsey
A surviving set of drawings seems to relate to
Cardinal Wolsey
Thomas Wolsey ( – 29 November 1530) was an English statesman and Catholic bishop. When Henry VIII became King of England in 1509, Wolsey became the king's almoner. Wolsey's affairs prospered and by 1514 he had become the controlling figur ...
's windows in the chapel at Hampton Court, and are held by the
Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium (french: Musées royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, nl, Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten van België) are a group of art museums in Brussels, Belgium. They include six museums: the Oldmasters Muse ...
. A design for
stained glass
Stained glass is coloured glass as a material or works created from it. Throughout its thousand-year history, the term has been applied almost exclusively to the windows of churches and other significant religious buildings. Although tradition ...
is known as a "vidimus". The drawings may have been sent to Wolsey by an artist in Flanders, in the circle of
Erhard Schön
Erhard Schön ( 1491–1542) was a German woodcut designer and painter.
Schön was born in Nuremberg as the son of painter Max Schön III. He probably started to learn his trade as an artist in the workshop of his father. He was clearly influenced ...
, and the glass made in London by the glazier James Nicholson. Hone altered the chapel windows by including the badges of
Anne Boleyn
Anne Boleyn (; 1501 or 1507 – 19 May 1536) was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536, as the second wife of King Henry VIII. The circumstances of her marriage and of her execution by beheading for treason and other charges made her a key ...
and subsequently Jane Seymour. The windows were taken down by iconoclasts in 1645.
Hilary Wayment
Hilary Godwin Wayment OBE, FSA (1912–2005) was a British author and historian of stained glass.
Early life
Wayment was born in Woolwich, east London on 23 April 1912, the son of Alfred Wayment, headmaster of the local church school. His ...
, ''Twenty-Four Vidimuses for Cardinal Wolsey'', ''Master Drawings'', vol. 23/24 no. 4 (1986), pp. 503-517, a related drawing is held by the National Galleries of Scotland
National Galleries of Scotland ( gd, Gailearaidhean Nàiseanta na h-Alba) is the executive non-departmental public body that controls the three national galleries of Scotland and two partner galleries, forming one of the National Collections o ...
.
References
External links
Glass at Withcote, Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi, CVMAGlass at King's College Chapel, Cambridge, Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi, CVMAEarsdon Church and the glass from Hampton Court, Northernvicar’s BlogThree designs for stained glass, Bowdoin College
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hone, Galyon
People from Bruges
Court of Henry VIII
1552 deaths
Renaissance architecture in England
Glaziers
English stained glass artists and manufacturers
Hampton Court Palace
Material culture of royal courts