''Galloisiana'' is a genus of

insect Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body ( head, thorax and abdomen), three ...

s in the family

Grylloblattidae Grylloblattidae, commonly known as the icebugs, or ice crawlers, is a family of extremophile (psychrophile) and wingless insects that live in the cold on top of mountains and the edges of glaciers. They belong, along with Mantophasmatidae (rock c ...

found in East Asia. It contains 12 species.

Species

These species belong to the genus ''Galloisiana'': *''

Galloisiana chujoi ''Galloisiana chujoi'' is a species of cave-dwelling insect in the family Grylloblattidae Grylloblattidae, commonly known as the icebugs, or ice crawlers, is a family of extremophile (psychrophile) and wingless insects that live in the cold o ...

'' Gurney 1961 – type locality: Oninoiwaya Cave, southern Japan *'' Galloisiana kiyosawai'' Asahina 1959 – type locality: Hirayu-Onsen, Honshu, Japan *'' Galloisiana kosuensis'' Namkung 1974 – type locality:

Gosu Cave Gosu Cave (고수동굴 - Kosu is also still found as an alternate spelling) is a huge limestone cave near Danyang, Chungcheongbuk-do, Danyang (North Chungcheong Province), South Korea formed over 450 million years ago. It is among the best known n ...

, South Korea *''

Galloisiana nipponensis ''Galloisiana nipponensis'' is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae that is endemic to Japan. Its Type locality (biology), type locality is Lake Chūzenji, Japan. Range and habitat It is found in montane habitats in central Honshu, ...

'' Caudell & King 1924 – type locality:

Lake Chūzenji , also called Sea of Happiness, is a scenic lake in Nikkō National Park in the city of Nikkō, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. It was created 20,000 years ago when Mount Nantai (2484 m) erupted and blocked the river. The lake has a surface area of 11 ...

, Honshu, Japan *''

Galloisiana notabilis ''Galloisiana notabilis'' is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae that is endemic to southern Japan. Its type locality is Nagasaki Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Nagasaki Prefecture has a ...

'' Silvestri 1927 – type locality:

Nagasaki Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Nagasaki Prefecture has a population of 1,314,078 (1 June 2020) and has a geographic area of 4,130 km2 (1,594 sq mi). Nagasaki Prefecture borders Saga Prefecture to the northeast. N ...

, southern Japan *''

Galloisiana odaesanensis ''Galloisiana odaesanensis'' is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae. Its Type locality (biology), type locality is Mount Odae in Gangwon Province, South Korea. Specimens have also been collected at Sangwonsa. References

Gr ...

'' Kim & Lee 2007 – type locality:

Mount Odae Odaesan, also known as Mount Odae-san or Mount Odae (), is a major cluster of mountains and national park in eastern Gangwon Province, South Korea, standing at the junction of Gangneung City, Pyeongchang County and Hongcheon County. It stands ...

, South Korea *'' Galloisiana olgae'' Vrsansky & Storozhenko 2001 – type locality: Mount Olga, Russia *'' Galloisiana sinensis'' Wang 1987 – type locality:

Paektu Mountain Paektu Mountain (), also known as Baekdu Mountain and in China as Changbai Mountain ( zh, s=长白山, t=長白山; Manchu: Golmin Šanggiyan Alin), is an active stratovolcano on the Chinese–North Korean border. At , it is the highest mo ...

, PR China *''

Galloisiana sofiae ''Galloisiana sofiae'' is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae Grylloblattidae, commonly known as the icebugs, or ice crawlers, is a family of extremophile (psychrophile) and wingless insects that live in the cold on top of mount ...

'' Szeptycki 1987 – type locality: Mount Myoyang, South Korea *'' Galloisiana ussuriensis'' Storozhenko 1988 – type locality:

Primorsky Krai Primorsky Krai (russian: Приморский край, r=Primorsky kray, p=prʲɪˈmorskʲɪj kraj), informally known as Primorye (, ), is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia, located in the Far East region of the country and is a part of t ...

, Russia *'' Galloisiana yezoensis'' Asahina 1961 – type locality: Miyazaki-Toge, Japan *'' Galloisiana yuasai'' Asahina 1959 – type locality: Tokugo-Toge, Honshu, Japan

Range and habitat

In Japan, ''Galloisiana'' species prefer rocky areas and cool, moist environments, where they are frequently found near streams (often under rocks) in well developed forests. Unlike the ''

Grylloblatta ''Grylloblatta'' is a genus of insects in the family Grylloblattidae. It contains 15 species, including '' Grylloblatta chirurgica'', almost exclusively from high-altitude and high-latitude regions of the United States, living in ice caves and g ...

'' species of North America, they are not known to forage in snowfields. They are most abundant in montane habitats in central

Honshu , historically called , is the largest and most populous island of Japan. It is located south of Hokkaidō across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyūshū across the Kanmon Straits. The island se ...

. In central Honshu, ''Galloisiana'' specimens have been collected in the following mountains and mountain ranges. * Mahiru Mountains *

Mount Funagata is a mountain within the Ōu Mountains on the border of Miyagi Prefecture and Yamagata Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. It is listed as one of the "200 famous mountains of Japan" and has a height of . The mountain is also k ...

and

Mount Zao Mount is often used as part of the name of specific mountains, e.g. Mount Everest. Mount or Mounts may also refer to: Places * Mount, Cornwall, a village in Warleggan parish, England * Mount, Perranzabuloe, a hamlet in Perranzabuloe parish, Co ...

(volcanic cluster) * Taishaku Mountains and

Echigo Mountains The Echigo Mountains () are a mountain range that straddle Niigata, Fukushima, and Gunma prefectures in Japan. See also * Asahi Mountains ( 朝日山地) * Iide Mountains ( 飯豊山地) * Mikuni Mountains Mikuni may refer to: * Mikuni, F ...

* Mount Agaki (volcano) *

Mount Haruna is a dormant stratovolcano in Gunma, eastern Honshū, Japan. Outline Mount Haruna started to form more than 300,000 years ago and the last known eruption was 550 AD. The volcano has a summit caldera containing the symmetrical cinder cone of ...

(volcano) * Kanto Mountains * Joshin'etsu Kogen Highlands * Yatsugatake (volcanic cluster) * Mount Myoko * Hida Mountains *

Kiso Mountains are a mountain range in Nagano and Gifu prefectures in Japan. They are also called the and they combine with the Hida Mountains ("Northern Alps") and the Akaishi Mountains ("Southern Alps") to form a group collectively known as the Japanese ...

* Chikuma Mountains * Akaishi Mountains *Northern Ryohaku Mountains *Southern Hida Kogen Highlands * Suzuka Mountains Specimens have also been collected in

Shikoku is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. It is long and between wide. It has a population of 3.8 million (, 3.1%). It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. Shikoku's ancient names include ''Iyo-no-futana-shima'' (), '' ...

, which are genetically close to specimens from the Suzuka Mountains.

Diet

''Galloisiana'' species are generalist scavengers that feed on both plant and animal materials.

References

Grylloblattidae {{Notoptera-stub