The Galičnik dialect ( mk, Галички дијалект, ''Galički dijalekt'') or Mala Reka dialect ( mk, Малорекански дијалект, ''Malorekanski dijalekt'') is a member of the subgroup of western and north western dialects of the western group of

dialects The term dialect (from Latin , , from the Ancient Greek word , 'discourse', from , 'through' and , 'I speak') can refer to either of two distinctly different types of linguistic phenomena: One usage refers to a variety of a language that is a ...

Macedonian Macedonian most often refers to someone or something from or related to Macedonia. Macedonian(s) may specifically refer to: People Modern * Macedonians (ethnic group), a nation and a South Slavic ethnic group primarily associated with North M ...

. The dialect is spoken on small territory on the mountain Bistra in western part of the

Republic of Macedonia North Macedonia, ; sq, Maqedonia e Veriut, (Macedonia before February 2019), officially the Republic of North Macedonia,, is a country in Southeast Europe. It gained independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Yugoslavia. It ...

. The name of the dialect is derived by the biggest village in that area-

Galičnik Galičnik ( mk, Галичник) is a mountain village in North Macedonia and along with Lazaropole is one of the two biggest and oldest Mijak villages in the region. Galičnik has well-preserved traditional architecture, including an amphithea ...

. Also the dialect is spoken in many other small villages including the village

Gari Gari may refer to: Places *Gari, Tombouctou Region, Mali, a village *Gari, Russia, several inhabited localities *Gari, Kruševac, Serbia, a village *Gari (river), Monte Cassino, Lazio, Italy *Gari, an Indigenous name for Fraser Island in Queensl ...

. The Galičnik dialect is closely related with the

Reka dialect The Reka dialect ( mk, Рекански дијалект, ''Rekanski dijalekt'') is a member of the west and north-west subgroup of the western group of dialects of Macedonian. The dialect is mainly spoken on the territory of the region Reka i ...

which is spoken north-western of Galičnik dialect. This dialect is well known in Republic of Macedonia because of the archaic words that this dialect has. The dialect can be found in many historically important literary works for the Macedonian literature. One of the most important is Ǵorǵija Puleski and his dictionary of three languages.стр.259 - 260 За македонскиот литературен јазик, Блаже Конески, Култура- Скопје 1967

Phonological characteristics

Proto-Slavic Proto-Slavic (abbreviated PSl., PS.; also called Common Slavic or Common Slavonic) is the Attested language, unattested, linguistic reconstruction, reconstructed proto-language of all Slavic languages. It represents Slavic speech approximately ...

*ǫ > : *rǫka > ''рока'' ('hand'), a

shibboleth A shibboleth (; hbo, , šībbōleṯ) is any custom or tradition, usually a choice of phrasing or even a single word, that distinguishes one group of people from another. Shibboleths have been used throughout history in many societies as passwor ...

among Macedonian dialects; *Proto-Slavic syllabic *l̥ > ~ ~ : *žl̥tъ > ''ж`лт'' ~ ('yellow'); *intervocalic Proto-Slavic *x > /j/: *čekaxa > ''чекаја'' ( 3P pl. of 'to wait'); *merger of thematic ''е''-group verbs to ''и''-group verbs: ''јадет'' → ''јадит'' ( 3P sg. of 'to eat'); *earlier cluster ''-шт-'' → ''-шч-'' : ''што'' → ''шчо'' ('' interr. pron.'' 'what'); */ʒ/ instead of /d͡ʒ/ in loanwords: Turkish

cam Calmodulin (CaM) (an abbreviation for calcium-modulated protein) is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells. It is an intracellular target of the secondary messenger Ca2+, and the bind ...

> ''жам'' ('windowpane'), and *mostly

antepenultimate In linguistics, the ultima is the last syllable of a word, the penult is the next-to-last syllable, and the antepenult is third-from-last syllable. In a word of three syllables, the names of the syllables are antepenult-penult-ultima. Etymology Ul ...

word stress.стр.259 За македонскиот литературен јазик, Блаже Конески, Култура- Скопје 1967

Morphological characteristics

*use of the suffix ''-ет'' for 3P pl. : ''ставает'' ('

hey are Hey or Hey! may refer to: Music * Hey (band), a Polish rock band Albums * Hey (Andreas Bourani album), ''Hey'' (Andreas Bourani album) or the title song (see below), 2014 * Hey! (Julio Iglesias album), ''Hey!'' (Julio Iglesias album) or the ti ...

putting, placing'), ''јадет'' ('

eating']), ''одет'' ('

going'); *use of the suffix ''-т'' for 3P sg. : ''стават'' (' e/she/it isputting, placing'), ''јадит'' (' e/she/it iseating'), ''одит'' (' e/she/it isgoing'); *use of the immutable particle ''ќа'' with onjugatedverbs to form future tenses: ''ќа одам'' ('I will go'), and *use of the preposition в(о) ('in, inside, to').

Examples of the dialect

Traditional song from

, that is sung on the holiday Vasilica: :''Сурова, сурова година;'' :''Весела, весела година;'' :''Ж`лт мајмун на леса;'' :''П`лна куќа коприна;'' :''Живо-здраво, живо-здраво;'' :''До година, до амина!''

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Galicnik dialect Dialects of the Macedonian language Mavrovo and Rostuša Municipality