Galbuli is one of the two suborders of the order

Piciformes Nine families of largely arboreal birds make up the order Piciformes , the best-known of them being the Picidae, which includes the woodpeckers and close relatives. The Piciformes contain about 71 living genera with a little over 450 species, of ...

and includes two families

Bucconidae The puffbirds and their relatives in the near passerine family Bucconidae are tropical tree-dwelling insectivorous birds that are found from South America up to Mexico. Together with their closest relatives, the jacamars, they form a divergent ...

(puffbirds) and

Galbulidae The jacamars are a family, Galbulidae, of near passerine birds from tropical South and Central America, extending up to Mexico. The family contains five genera and 18 species. The family is closely related to the puffbirds, another Neotropical ...

(jacamars). The other suborder

Pici Pici (; ) is thick, hand-rolled pasta, like fat spaghetti.'' Il Devoto-Oli. Vocabolario della lingua Italiana'', edited by Luca Serianni and Maurizio Trifone, Le Monnier. It originates in the province of Siena in Tuscany; in the Montalcino are ...

is a global group of piciforms, puffbirds and jacamars are only found in the

Neotropics The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropics, tropical Ecoregion#Terrestrial, terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperat ...

Systematics

It was thought the jacamars and puffbirds were not closely related to toucans and woodpeckers, but instead related to the order

Coraciiformes The Coraciiformes are a group of usually colourful birds including the kingfishers, the bee-eaters, the rollers, the motmots, and the todies. They generally have syndactyly, with three forward-pointing toes (and toes 3 & 4 fused at their base) ...

. However, analysis of

nuclear DNA Nuclear DNA (nDNA), or nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid, is the DNA contained within each cell nucleus of a eukaryotic organism. It encodes for the majority of the genome in eukaryotes, with mitochondrial DNA and plastid DNA coding for the rest. It ...

in a 2003 study placed them as

sister group In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and t ...

to Pici, also showing that the groups had developed zygodactyl feet (two toes facing forward and two aft) before separating. Per Ericson and colleagues, in analysing

genomic DNA Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (abbreviated as gDNA) is chromosomal DNA, in contrast to extra-chromosomal DNAs like plasmids. Most organisms have the same genomic DNA in every cell; however, only certain genes are active in each cell to allow for ...

, confirmed that puffbirds and jacamars were sister groups and their place in Piciformes. The lineage is sometimes elevated to order level as Galbuliformes, first proposed by Sibley and Ahlquist in 1990.

Taxonomy

The following arrangement of taxa is based on Witt (2004).Witt, C.C. (2004),
Rates of Molecular Evolution and their Application to Neotropical Avian Biogeography
', Ph.D. dissertation, Louisiana State University *Suborder Galbuli **Family

***Genus ''

Nonnula ''Nonnula'' is a genus of puffbird in the Bucconidae The puffbirds and their relatives in the near passerine family Bucconidae are tropical tree-dwelling insectivorous birds that are found from South America up to Mexico. Together with their ...

'' ****

Rusty-breasted nunlet The rusty-breasted nunlet (''Nonnula rubecula'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuel ...

, ''Nonnula rubecula'' ****

Rufous-capped nunlet The rufous-capped nunlet (''Nonnula ruficapilla'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru. Taxonomy and systematics These four subspecies of ...

, ''Nonnula ruficapilla'' ****

Chestnut-headed nunlet The chestnut-headed nunlet (''Nonnula amaurocephala'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is endemic to Brazil. Taxonomy and systematics The chestnut-headed nunlet is monotyp ...

, ''Nonnula amaurocephala'' ****

Grey-cheeked nunlet The grey-cheeked nunlet (''Nonnula frontalis'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Colombia and Panama. Taxonomy and systematics The grey-cheeked nunlet was first ...

, ''Nonnula frontalis'' **** Fulvous-chinned nunlet, ''Nonnula sclateri'' ****

Brown nunlet The brown nunlet (''Nonnula brunnea'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, ...

, ''Nonnula brunnea'' ***Genus ''

Malacoptila ''Malacoptila'' is a genus of puffbird in the Bucconidae The puffbirds and their relatives in the near passerine family Bucconidae are tropical tree-dwelling insectivorous birds that are found from South America up to Mexico. Together with t ...

'' ****

White-chested puffbird The white-chested puffbird (''Malacoptila fusca'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is one of seven species in the genus ''Malacoptila''. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecu ...

, ''Malacoptila fusca'' ****

Semicollared puffbird The semicollared puffbird (''Malacoptila semicincta'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is one of seven species of the genus ''Malacoptila''. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, ...

, ''Malacoptila semicincta'' ****

Crescent-chested puffbird The crescent-chested puffbird (''Malacoptila striata'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is endemic to Brazil. Taxonomy and systematics The crescent-chested puffbird was fo ...

, ''Malacoptila striata'' ****

Black-streaked puffbird The black-streaked puffbird (''Malacoptila fulvogularis'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Taxonomy and systematics Th ...

, ''Malacoptila fulvogularis'' ****

Rufous-necked puffbird The rufous-necked puffbird (''Malacoptila rufa'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru. Taxonomy and systematics The rufous-necked puffbi ...

, ''Malacoptila rufa'' ****

White-whiskered puffbird The white-whiskered puffbird (''Malacoptila panamensis''), also called the white-whiskered soft-wing or brown puffbird, is a near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found from southeastern Mexic ...

, ''Malacoptila panamensis'' ****

Moustached puffbird The moustached puffbird (''Malacoptila mystacalis'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is one of seven species in the genus ''Malacoptila''. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, ...

, ''Malacoptila mystacalis'' ***Genus ''

Bucco ''Bucco'' is a genus of birds in the puffbird family Bucconidae. Birds in the genus are native to the Americas. The genus ''Bucco'' was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 with the collared puffbird as the type sp ...

'' ****

Collared puffbird The collared puffbird (''Bucco capensis'') is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.Remsen, J. V ...

, ''Bucco capensis'' ***Genus ''

Nystalus ''Nystalus'' is a genus of puffbird in the Bucconidae The puffbirds and their relatives in the near passerine family Bucconidae are tropical tree-dwelling insectivorous birds that are found from South America up to Mexico. Together with their ...

'' **** Spot-backed puffbird, ''Nystalus maculatus'' **** Barred puffbird, ''Nystalus radiatus'' **** Western striolated puffbird, ''Nystalus obamai'' **** Eastern striolated puffbird, ''Nystalus striolatus'' ****

White-eared puffbird The white-eared puffbird (''Nystalus chacuru'') is a species of bird in the Bucconidae family, the puffbirds. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Peru, where it inhabits tropical and subtropical dry forests, subtropical and tr ...

, ''Nystalus chacuru'' ***Genus ''Chelidoptera'' **** Swallow-winged puffbird, ''Chelidoptera tenebrosa'' ***Genus ''

Monasa ''Monasa'' is a genus of puffbird in the Bucconidae family. The genus was introduced by the French ornithologist Louis Vieillot in 1816 with the black nunbird (''Monasa atra'') as the type species. The generic name is from the Ancient Greek ''m ...

'' ****

White-fronted nunbird The white-fronted nunbird (''Monasa morphoeus'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, ...

, ''Monasa morphoeus'' **** Yellow-billed nunbird, ''Monasa flavirostris'' ****

Black-fronted nunbird The black-fronted nunbird (''Monasa nigrifrons'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, ...

, ''Monasa nigrifrons'' ****

Black nunbird The black nunbird (''Monasa atra'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bo ...

, ''Monasa atra'' ***Genus ''Hapaloptila'' **** White-faced nunbird, ''Hapaloptila castanea'' ***Genus ''Micromonacha'' **** Lanceolated monklet, ''Micromonacha lanceolata'' ***Genus '' Cyphos'' **** Chestnut-capped puffbird, ''Cyphos macrodactylus'' ***Genus ''Hypnelus'' **** Russet-throated puffbird, ''Hypnelus ruficollis'' ***Genus ' ****

Spotted puffbird The spotted puffbird (''Bucco tamatia'') is a species of puffbird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.Remsen, J. ...

, ''Nystactes tamatia'' ****

Sooty-capped puffbird The sooty-capped puffbird (''Bucco noanamae'') is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is endemic to Colombia. Taxonomy and systematics Some authors placed the sooty-capped puffbird in genus ''Ny ...

, ''Nystactes noanamae'' ***Genus ''

Notharchus ''Notharchus'' is a genus of puffbird in the Bucconidae family. The genus was introduced by the German ornithologists Jean Cabanis and Ferdinand Heine in 1863. The type species was subsequently designated as the white-necked puffbird (''Notharc ...

'' ****

Brown-banded puffbird The brown-banded puffbird (''Notharchus ordii'') is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso ...

, ''Notharchus ordii'' ****

Pied puffbird The pied puffbird (''Notharchus tectus'') is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, S ...

, ''Notharchus tectus'' ****

Black-breasted puffbird The black-breasted puffbird (''Notharchus pectoralis'') is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama. Taxonomy and systematics The black-breasted puffbird ...

, ''Notharchus pectoralis'' ****

White-necked puffbird The white-necked puffbird (''Notharchus hyperrhynchus'') is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Mexico, Central America, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.Remse ...

, ''Notharchus hyperrynchus'' ****

Guianan puffbird The Guianan puffbird (''Notharchus macrorhynchos'') is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. It was formerly considered to be con ...

, ''Notharchus macrorhynchos'' **** Buff-bellied puffbird, ''Notharchus swainsoni'' **Family

***Genus: ''Jacamaralcyon'' **** Three-toed jacamar, ''Jacamaralcyon tridactyla'' ***Genus '' Brachygalba'' **** Dusky-backed jacamar, ''Brachygalba salmoni'' **** Pale-headed jacamar, ''Brachygalba goeringi'' ****

Brown jacamar The brown jacamar (''Brachygalba lugubris'') is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.Tobias, J., T. Züchner, T.A. de Melo Júnior, a ...

, ''Brachygalba lugubris'' **** White-throated jacamar, ''Brachygalba albogularis'' ***Genus ''Jacamerops'' ****

Great jacamar The great jacamar (''Jacamerops aureus'') is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It is placed in the monotypic genus ''Jacamerops''. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Surin ...

, ''Jacamerops aureus'' ***Genus ''

Galbalcyrhynchus ''Galbalcyrhynchus'' is a genus of birds in the Galbulidae family. Established by Marc Athanese Parfait Oeillet Des Murs in 1845, it contains the following species: Species The name ''Galbalcyrhynchus'' is a combination of the genus name ''G ...

'' ****

White-eared jacamar The white-eared jacamar (''Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis'') is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.Tobias, J., T. Züchner, T.A. de Melo Júnior, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). White-eared Jacam ...

, ''Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis'' ****

Purus jacamar The Purus jacamar (''Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus'') is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.Tobias, J., T. Züchner, T.A. de Melo Júnior, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Purus Jacamar (''Galbalcyrhynch ...

, ''Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus'' ***Genus ''

Galbula ''Galbula'' is the type and largest genus of the jacamar family (Galbulidae) of piciform birds, and its suborder Galbulae. Sometimes, the Piciformes are split in two, with the Galbulae upranked to full order Galbuliformes.Tobias, J.; Züchner ...

'' ****

Yellow-billed jacamar The yellow-billed jacamar (''Galbula albirostris'') is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Taxonomy and systematics The yellow-billed j ...

, ''Galbula albirostris'' ****

Blue-necked jacamar The blue-necked jacamar or blue-cheeked jacamar (''Galbula cyanicollis'') is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It is found in Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru.Tobias, J., T. Züchner, T.A. de Melo Júnior, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Blue-che ...

, ''Galbula cyanicollis'' ****

Rufous-tailed jacamar The rufous-tailed jacamar (''Galbula ruficauda'') is a near-passerine bird which breeds in the tropical New World in southern Mexico, Central America and South America as far south as southern Brazil and Ecuador. Description Like other jacamar ...

, ''Galbula ruficauda'' ****

Coppery-chested jacamar The coppery-chested jacamar (''Galbula pastazae'') is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.Schulenberg, T. S. and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Coppery-chested Jacamar (''Galbula pastazae''), version 1.0 ...

, ''Galbula pastazae'' ****

Green-tailed jacamar The green-tailed jacamar (''Galbula galbula'') is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It is native to Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.Tobias, J., T. Züchner, and T.A. de Melo Júnior (2020). Green-ta ...

, ''Galbula galbula'' **** White-chinned jacamar, ''Galbula tombacea'' **** Bluish-fronted jacamar, ''Galbula cyanescens'' **** Purplish jacamar, ''Galbula chalcothorax'' ****

Bronzy jacamar The bronzy jacamar (''Galbula leucogastra'') is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It occurs in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.Tobias, J., T. Züchner, T.A. de Melo Júnior, and G. M. Kirw ...

, ''Galbula leucogastra'' ****

Paradise jacamar The paradise jacamar (''Galbula dea'') is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.Tobias, J., T. Züchner, T.A. de Melo Júnior, G. M. Kirwan, and ...

, ''Galbula dea''

References

External links

Tree of Life Piciformes
{{Taxonbar, from=Q18808652