''Galaxias oliros'', the obscure galaxias, is a galaxiid of the

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'' Galaxias'', a member of the Mountain Galaxias species complex group of freshwater fish, found in

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

Description

Similar to other members of the species complex with a long tubular body, commonly to a maximum recorded of , moderately deep and laterally compressed behind the pelvic fins. Upper surface evenly arched from the nape to the beginning of the tail fin, the belly follows a similar profile but less pronounced. Caudal peduncle is relatively shallow and strongly laterally compressed. Head medium sized, noticeably wider than deep and slightly to moderately wedge-shaped when viewed from the side. Eyes relatively large and set high on the head. Mouth positioned at the end of the snout, medium sized with a shorter lower jaw. Fins fleshy at the base, less so in paired fins. Anal fin has a long base whereas the dorsal fin base is short. Fins rounded, dorsal fin medium length, anal fin about 10-20 percent longer than the dorsal fin. Leading edge of the anal fin usually at a position about halfway along the dorsal fin base. Pelvic fins medium sized and positioned low at about the midpoint of the body with the anal fin positioned halfway between the pelvic fins and the tail. Pectoral fins medium sized, rounded to paddle shaped, positioned low on the body with the upper edge even with or slightly higher than the rear end of the mouth. Tail fin is moderately long, weakly forked and usually longer than the caudal peduncle. Flanges medium height and length and quite well developed on the caudal peduncle, often extending as far forward as the rear of the anal fin. ''Galaxias oliruos'' is mainly olive to grey brown over the back and sides extending over the head and snout, fading to cream or white to silvery below the lateral line and silvery on the belly. The base colour is overlaid with a pattern of small to medium sized dark irregularly shaped blotches with many joining up to form uneven vertical bands. These markings are more closely spaced over the upper surface including the nape but are not present on the head and snout and sometimes are very faint. Sometimes a medium thick row of copper to gold spots extends over the upper surface from the nape to the dorsal fin and occasionally there may be a slight scattering of small gold flecks over the head and snout. The gill covers are translucent with a large gold to silver or turquoise patch. Fins light grey to olive and translucent.

Distribution

The obscure galaxias is found at a wide range of elevations from in the Murray River system in Victoria and southern

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as well as south of the

Great Dividing Range The Great Dividing Range, also known as the East Australian Cordillera or the Eastern Highlands, is a cordillera system in eastern Australia consisting of an expansive collection of mountain ranges, plateaus and rolling hills, that runs rough ...

in western Victoria including all tributaries to the

Wimmera River The Wimmera River, an inland intermittent river of the Wimmera catchment, is located in the Grampians and Wimmera regions of the Australian state of Victoria. Rising in the Pyrenees, on the northern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, the Wimmer ...

and several tributaries to the Murray River within the

Mount Lofty Ranges The Mount Lofty Ranges are a range of mountains in the Australian state of South Australia which for a small part of its length borders the east of Adelaide. The part of the range in the vicinity of Adelaide is called the Adelaide Hills and ...

South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories ...

. The fish is also recorded from coastal drainages in western Victoria including the Corangamite Basin, the Hopkins River and extending through to Mosquito Creek within the

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catchment in South Australia. Additionally, the fish is found very close to the sea in the

Merri River The Merri River, a perennial river of the Glenelg Hopkins catchment, is located in the Western District of Victoria, Australia. Course and features Formed by the confluence of the Spring Creek and Drysdale Creek, to the east of Grassmere. ...

and the Darlot/Fitzroy River systems in western Victoria.

Habitat

Mainly inhabits lowland to foothill reaches of a diverse number of stream types including clear to turbid, medium to large wide rivers, smaller () gently to faster flowing creeks as well as

anabranch An anabranch is a section of a river or stream that diverts from the main channel or stem of the watercourse and rejoins the main stem downstream. Local anabranches can be the result of small islands in the watercourse. In larger anabranches, th ...

es, billabongs and occasionally wetlands. Juveniles are often found in shallow riffle zones around the edges of pools with adults in deeper pools and more open areas. Usually found taking cover in heavy macrophytes or woody debris, but sometimes found in open water or near the surface. Can be very abundant in swamps.

Lifecycle/Reproduction

The obscure galaxias lives its entire lifecycle in freshwater. It has high tolerance for water conditions being found in very turbid or highly saline pools or stagnant water with high amounts of organic material. Spawning generally occurs from late May to early July but sometimes as late as August. Eggs are quite small and the females are relatively fecund for members of the species complex, for example one female was recorded with 2057 eggs.

Conservation

Least Concern.

Utility to humans

Not an angling target due to small size.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q85762539 oliros Taxa named by Tarmo Ain Raadik Fish described in 2014 Freshwater fish of Australia