Gabčíkovo ( hu, Bős, ) is a town and municipality in the
Dunajská Streda District
Dunajská Streda District ( Slovak: ''Okres Dunajská Streda'', Hungarian: ''Dunaszerdahelyi járás'') is a district in the Trnava Region of western Slovakia.
Until 1918, the district was mostly part of the county of Kingdom of Hungary of Pozs ...
, in the
Trnava Region
The Trnava Region ( sk, Trnavský kraj, ; hu, Nagyszombati kerület; german: Tyrnauer Landschaftsverband) is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions. It was established in 1996, before which date most of its districts were parts of Brat ...
of southwestern
Slovakia
Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ...
. It has 5,232 inhabitants of whom approximately 80% are
Hungarians
Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Urali ...
. After the Communist takeover of Czechoslovakia, the city was named after
Jozef Gabčík
Jozef Gabčík (; 8 April 1912 – 18 June 1942) was a Slovak soldier in the Czechoslovak Army involved in the Operation Anthropoid, the assassination of acting ''Reichsprotektor'' (Imperial-Protector) of Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, ...
, an important figure in the
Czechoslovakian resistance to Nazi occupation.
Name
The Hungarian name of the town was first recorded in 1102 as ''Beys'' and preserves the name of its erstwhile
Pecheneg
The Pechenegs () or Patzinaks tr, Peçenek(ler), Middle Turkic: , ro, Pecenegi, russian: Печенег(и), uk, Печеніг(и), hu, Besenyő(k), gr, Πατζινάκοι, Πετσενέγοι, Πατζινακίται, ka, პაჭ ...
inhabitants, ''pecheneg'' being ''besenyő'' in Hungarian. The town appears in several documents between 1262 and 1274 as a borderguard Pecheneg settlement.
The current Slovak name of the town was given by the authorities in 1948 after
Jozef Gabčík
Jozef Gabčík (; 8 April 1912 – 18 June 1942) was a Slovak soldier in the Czechoslovak Army involved in the Operation Anthropoid, the assassination of acting ''Reichsprotektor'' (Imperial-Protector) of Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, ...
, a
Slovak soldier involved in
Operation Anthropoid
On 27 May 1942 in Prague, Reinhard Heydrichthe commander of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), acting governor of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and a principal architect of the Holocaustwas attacked and wounded in an assassinati ...
, the assassination of
Reinhard Heydrich
Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich ( ; ; 7 March 1904 – 4 June 1942) was a high-ranking German SS and police official during the Nazi era and a principal architect of the Holocaust.
He was chief of the Reich Security Main Office (inclu ...
, Deputy Reich-Protector of Bohemia and Moravia.
Geography
Gabčíkovo is situated along the
Danube
The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , p ...
river on the border with
Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the ...
, in the southern part of
Great Rye Island around 12 km south of
Dunajská Streda
Dunajská Streda (; hu, Dunaszerdahely; german: Niedermarkt; he, דונהסרדהיי) is a town located in southern Slovakia ( Trnavský kraj). Dunajská Streda is the most culturally significant town in the Žitný ostrov area. The town has a ...
bordered by
Baka to the west,
Vrakúň to the east,
Pataš,
Baloň,
Sap
Sap is a fluid transported in xylem cells (vessel elements or tracheids) or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant. These cells transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.
Sap is distinct from latex, resin, or cell sap; it is a separ ...
and
Ňárad to the southeast, and the Hungarian villages of
Lipót and
Ásványráró to the southwest. Administratively, the village belongs to the
Trnava Region
The Trnava Region ( sk, Trnavský kraj, ; hu, Nagyszombati kerület; german: Tyrnauer Landschaftsverband) is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions. It was established in 1996, before which date most of its districts were parts of Brat ...
,
Dunajská Streda District
Dunajská Streda District ( Slovak: ''Okres Dunajská Streda'', Hungarian: ''Dunaszerdahelyi járás'') is a district in the Trnava Region of western Slovakia.
Until 1918, the district was mostly part of the county of Kingdom of Hungary of Pozs ...
.
Near to the village, there is the main part of the
Gabčíkovo Waterworks, which is the reason for a long-term dispute between
Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the ...
and the Slovak Republic.
History
In the 10th century, the territory of Gabčíkovo became part of the
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen ...
. In 1468, Hungarian king
Matthias Corvinus
Matthias Corvinus, also called Matthias I ( hu, Hunyadi Mátyás, ro, Matia/Matei Corvin, hr, Matija/Matijaš Korvin, sk, Matej Korvín, cz, Matyáš Korvín; ), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458 to 1490. After conducting several m ...
gave Gabčíkovo, then known as Bős, the right of organizing a fair. It was part of Hungary and later Austria Hungary until the
Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon (french: Traité de Trianon, hu, Trianoni békeszerződés, it, Trattato del Trianon) was prepared at the Paris Peace Conference and was signed in the Grand Trianon château in Versailles on 4 June 1920. It forma ...
. No plebiscites were allowed to take place despite the overwhelming majority of the population being Hungarian.
After the
Austro-Hungarian army disintegrated in November 1918,
Czechoslovak
Czechoslovak may refer to:
*A demonym or adjective pertaining to Czechoslovakia (1918–93)
**First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–38)
**Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–39)
**Third Czechoslovak Republic (1948–60)
**Fourth Czechoslovak Repub ...
troops occupied the area, later acknowledged internationally by the
Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon (french: Traité de Trianon, hu, Trianoni békeszerződés, it, Trattato del Trianon) was prepared at the Paris Peace Conference and was signed in the Grand Trianon château in Versailles on 4 June 1920. It forma ...
. Between 1938 and 1945 Bős once more became part of
Miklós Horthy
Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya ( hu, Vitéz nagybányai Horthy Miklós; ; English: Nicholas Horthy; german: Nikolaus Horthy Ritter von Nagybánya; 18 June 1868 – 9 February 1957), was a Hungarian admiral and dictator who served as the regent ...
's Hungary through the
First Vienna Award
The First Vienna Award was a treaty signed on 2 November 1938 pursuant to the Vienna Arbitration, which took place at Vienna's Belvedere Palace. The arbitration and award were direct consequences of the previous month's Munich Agreement, which ...
. From 1945 until the
Velvet Divorce
The dissolution of Czechoslovakia ( cs, Rozdělení Československa, sk, Rozdelenie Česko-Slovenska) took effect on December 31, 1992, and was the self-determined split of the federal republic of Czechoslovakia into the independent countries o ...
, it was part of
Czechoslovakia
, rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי,
, common_name = Czechoslovakia
, life_span = 1918–19391945–1992
, p1 = Austria-Hungary
, image_p1 ...
. Since then it has been part of Slovakia.
Demography
In 1910, it had a population of 2823 of whom 2805 (99.36%) were listed as Hungarians (included Jews and Slovaks in the state service). After the Treaty of Trianon, more Slovaks started to move into the area. As of 2021, the population includes 5,232 inhabitants, of which 4,217 (80.6%) are
Hungarians
Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Urali ...
, and 727 (13.9%) are
Slovaks.
Genealogical resources
The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Bratislava, Slovakia"
* Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1720-1896 (parish A)
Twin towns – sister cities
Gabčíkovois
twinned with:
*
Enese
Enese is a village in Győr-Moson-Sopron county, Hungary.
In 1526 it was property of Count György Cseszneky and during 16-17th centuries of the Cseszneky Cseszneky is a surname of Hungarian origin.
Notable people
* Benedek Cseszneky, office ...
, Hungary
*
Kondoros
Kondoros ( sk, Kondoroš) is a town in Békés County, in the Southern Great Plain region of south-east Hungary.
Jews lived in Kondorosh at the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, the local Jewish community was subo ...
, Hungary
*
Mihăileni, Romania
*
Nagymaros
Nagymaros (german: Großmarosch, sk, Veľká Maruša) is a town in Pest county, Hungary.
Etymology
The name comes from ''Maroš'', the Slavic form of Marianus. Nagymaros—"Greater Maros" ( Hungarian). The first written mention is ''Morus'' (1 ...
, Hungary
*
Pázmándfalu, Hungary
References
External links
Municipal website
Villages and municipalities in Dunajská Streda District
Hungarian communities in Slovakia
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