Saint-Jean-de-Luz
Saint-Jean-de-Luz (; eu, Donibane Lohitzune,Donibane Lohitzune Souain-Perthes-lès-Hurlus
Souain-Perthes-lès-Hurlus is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.
First World War
On 9 December 1915 at Souain, a former battlefield with rough terrain and trenches, and in the presence of General Philippe Pétain, a ...
Pyrenees
The Pyrenees (; es, Pirineos ; french: Pyrénées ; ca, Pirineu ; eu, Pirinioak ; oc, Pirenèus ; an, Pirineus) is a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. It extends nearly from its union with the Cantabrian Mountains to ...
, since childhood manifested a strong talent for drawing and painting. In 1898, at the age of 15 years, he was noticed by the painter
Léon Bonnat
Léon Joseph Florentin Bonnat (20 June 1833 – 8 September 1922) was a French painter, Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur and professor at the Ecole des Beaux Arts.
Early life
Bonnat was born in Bayonne, but from 1846 to 1853 he lived in M ...
who entrusted him to the care of Philippe Jolyet, director of the Municipal School of Drawing of Bayonne. Two years later the young Deluc began to study in Bonnat's studio in Paris and, in 1903, he was finally admitted as a student at the
École des Beaux-Arts
École des Beaux-Arts (; ) refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The term is associated with the Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and other countries during the late nineteenth centur ...
.
From 1904 to 1912 Deluc lived in La Ruche, the famous citadel of artists, in the 15th arrondissement. His standard of living was poor, but Deluc still frequented artists who would later become important in the history of art, and among them in particular some originating from the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
, such as:
Ossip Zadkine
Ossip Zadkine (russian: Осип Цадкин; 28 January 1888 – 25 November 1967) was a Belarusian-born French artist. He is best known as a sculptor, but also produced paintings and lithographs.
Early years and education
Zadkine was born on ...
Alexander Altmann
Alexander Altmann (April 16, 1906 – June 6, 1987) was an Orthodox Jewish scholar and rabbi born in Kassa, Austria-Hungary (present-day Košice, Slovakia). He emigrated to England in 1938 and later settled in the United States, working productive ...
, of whom he became a friend and stayed with him in the Basque Country during some summers. The sculptor Charles-Arthur Müller, who came from
Lorraine
Lorraine , also , , ; Lorrain: ''Louréne''; Lorraine Franconian: ''Lottringe''; german: Lothringen ; lb, Loutrengen; nl, Lotharingen is a cultural and historical region in Northeastern France, now located in the administrative region of Gra ...
and who was also a pensioner of La Ruche, Deluc made a bust of him.
His first appearance as a painter took place in 1906 at the "Salon des artistes français" and earned him an honorable mention for his painting "Intimité". He was also awarded an encouragement prize of 500
francs
The franc is any of various units of currency. One franc is typically divided into 100 centimes. The name is said to derive from the Latin inscription ''francorum rex'' (King of the Franks) used on early French coins and until the 18th centu ...
. In the years that followed, Deluc exhibited regularly at the Salon and then at the "Salon des Indépendants".Marques (org.), 1998, pp. 190.
In 1908 he donated a large decorative canvas to his hometown, The Shepherd of Goats (Le Chevrier), and two years later he presented another large work at the Salon of French Artists: The Dance (or The Dance in the Sacred Wood). This canvas was purchased by the patron
Edmond de Rothschild
Baron Abraham Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild (Hebrew: הברון אברהם אדמונד בנימין ג'יימס רוטשילד - ''HaBaron Avraham Edmond Binyamin Ya'akov Rotshield''; 19 August 1845 – 2 November 1934) was a French memb ...
who, in turn, made it a gift to the city of Bayonne.Marques (org.), 1998, pp. 190.
In 1912, he exhibited at the
Casino
A casino is a facility for certain types of gambling. Casinos are often built near or combined with hotels, resorts, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships, and other tourist attractions. Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertai ...
or
Saint-Jean-de-Luz
Saint-Jean-de-Luz (; eu, Donibane Lohitzune,Donibane Lohitzune Devambez
Maison Devambez is the name of a fine printer's firm in Paris. It operated under that name from 1873, when a printing business established by the royal engraver Hippolyte Brasseux in 1826 was acquired by Édouard Devambez. At first the firm spe ...
Gallery. At the same time he exhibited at the Salon two portraits: Portrait de M.lle H.C. and Portrait de M.me V.. The first of these portraits earned him a silver medal and a special prize of 1,000 francs..Marques (org.), 1998, pp. 190.
On September 3, 1913 Deluc married Thérèse Mahé, in Paris, in the town hall of the XVI arrondissement. The following year he exhibited again at the Salon two large paintings, Spring and the Portrait of Madame G.D.. But in the meantime war had broken out and Deluc was enlisted in the
French army
The French Army, officially known as the Land Army (french: Armée de Terre, ), is the land-based and largest component of the French Armed Forces. It is responsible to the Government of France, along with the other components of the Armed Force ...
, initially as a nurse. In 1915, however, he was sent to the front in the area of operations, where he was promoted to sergeant on March 5, 1916 and then, after only three months, sub-lieutenant..
Gabriel Deluc fell during a
reconnaissance
In military operations, reconnaissance or scouting is the exploration of an area by military forces to obtain information about enemy forces, terrain, and other activities.
Examples of reconnaissance include patrolling by troops (skirmisher ...
, near
Souain-Perthes-lès-Hurlus
Souain-Perthes-lès-Hurlus is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.
First World War
On 9 December 1915 at Souain, a former battlefield with rough terrain and trenches, and in the presence of General Philippe Pétain, a ...
, on September 15, 1916. He was 33 years old.
His latest works are therefore sketches taken live in the trenches and sometimes during offensives.
Maurice Ravel dedicated to him the Forlane, third piece of the suite for piano ''
Le Tombeau de Couperin
''Le Tombeau de Couperin'' (''The Couperin's Grave'') is a suite for solo piano by Maurice Ravel, composed between 1914 and 1917. The piece is in six movements, based on those of a traditional Baroque suite. Each movement is dedicated to the mem ...
''.http://www.maurice-ravel.net/deluc.htm%7CPresentazione di Gabriel Deluc, sito=maurice-ravel.net.
Deluc was the youngest artist belonging to the " School of Bayonne".
Works
A large part of Gabriel Deluc's works are still untraceable, but there are several postcards of paintings exhibited by him at the "Salon des artistes français". The
São Paulo Museum of Art
The São Paulo Museum of Art ( pt, Museu de Arte de São Paulo, or ') is an art museum located on Paulista Avenue in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. It is well known for its headquarters, a 1968 concrete and glass structure designed by Lina Bo ...
in
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
erroneously presents a painting by Deluc dated 1917.
Public works
* Bayonne, Museo Bonnat-Helleu: ''Portrait de Charles Deluc'', 1904, olio su tela,
* Bayonne, Museo Bonnat-Helleu: ''Intimité'', 1906, olio su tela,
*
Montfort-l'Amaury
Montfort-l'Amaury () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region, north central France. It is located north of Rambouillet. The name comes from Amaury I de Montfort, the first ''seigneur'' (lord) of Montfort.
Geogra ...
, Le Belvédère, casa-museo di Maurice Ravel: ''Daphnis et Chloé'', 1913, olio su cartone,
*
Melun
Melun () is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region, north-central France. It is located on the southeastern outskirts of Paris, about from the centre of the capital. Melun is the prefecture of the Seine-et-Ma ...
, Prefettura: ''Le Pont de Socoa'', 1914, olio su tela,
* Bayonne, Museo basco e della storia di Bayonne: ''Portrait de Madame Garrabé'', non datato, olio su tela,
Images
Gabriel Deluc - Moças no piano.jpg, ''Intimità''
Deluc La Danse dans le bois sacré.jpg, ''La danza nel bosco sacro''
Deluc Le Lac.jpg, '' Il Lago''
Gabriel Deluc - St Pée sur Nivelle.jpg, ''St Pée sur Nivelle''
Exhibitions
* "Exposition Gabriel Deluc," Devambez Gallery, boulevard Malesherbes, April 16-30, 1913 (catalog text by Gabriel Mourey).
* "Retrospective of Gabriel Deluc," Ducontenia Museum in Saint-Jean-de-Luz, July 28, 1934.
* "Gabriel Deluc, peintre luzien et héros de la Grande Guerre," Musée de Guéthary, July 4 to September 3, 2016.
* "Autour de Gabriel Deluc, peintre basque (1883-1916)", at the Villa Ducontenia and Rotunda de "La Pergola" in Saint-Jean-de-Luz, from July 1 to August 20, 2017.
References
Bibliography
* Dictionnaire Bénézit, tomo 4, p. 423, 1999
* ''Tombes basques et béarnaises 1914-1918'', Stamperia Garet-Haristoy, Pau, 347 p.
* Henri Jean-Pierre, ''"Gabriel Deluc, peintre et soldat"'', Bollettino della "Société des Sciences, Lettres et Arts de Bayonne", n.37 del 1974, p. 209-226.
* Séverine Berger, ''Le Pays basque vu par les peintres 1900-1950'', Ediz. Atlantica, Anglet, 2001.
* Gilbert Desport, ''Répertoire des peintres et sculpteurs du Pays basque'', Ediz. Atlantica, Anglet, 2002.
* Étienne Rousseau-Plotto, ''Ravel, portraits basques'', Ediz. Séguier, Anglet, 2004, 308 p., e Nuove edizioni Atlantica, Biarritz, 242 pag. 2016. - ISBN 978-2-840493600
* Alexandre Hurel et Michel de Jaureguiberry, ''Un siècle de peinture au Pays basque, 1850-1950''. Ediz. Pimientos,
Urrugne
Urrugne (; eu, Urruña)URRUÑA vedi on line - ISBN 9780199899913
Gabriel Deluc - Le Chevrier.jpeg, ''Il guardiano di capre''
Deluc Jeunesse Musée d'Orsay.jpg, ''Giovinezza''
World war I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...