Phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D is an

enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''GPLD1''

gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...

. Many proteins are tethered to the extracellular face of eukaryotic plasma membranes by a

glycosylphosphatidylinositol Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (), or glycophosphatidylinositol, or GPI in short, is a phosphoglyceride that can be attached to the C-terminus of a protein during posttranslational modification. The resulting GPI-anchored proteins play key roles in ...

(GPI) anchor. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells. The protein encoded by the GPLD1 gene is a GPI degrading enzyme that

hydrolyzes Hydrolysis (; ) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution, elimination, and solvation reactions in which water is the nucleophile. Biological hydrolysi ...

the inositol phosphate linkage in proteins anchored by

phosphatidylinositol Phosphatidylinositol (or Inositol Phospholipid) consists of a family of lipids as illustrated on the right, where red is x, blue is y, and black is z, in the context of independent variation, a class of the phosphatidylglycerides. In such molecul ...

glycans, thereby releasing the attached protein from the plasma membrane. Plasma concentrations of Gpld1 in mice were found to increase after exercise and to correlate with improved

cognitive function Cognitive skills, also called cognitive functions, cognitive abilities or cognitive capacities, are brain-based skills which are needed in acquisition of knowledge, manipulation of information and reasoning. They have more to do with the mechanisms ...

, and concentrations of GPLD1 in blood were increased in active elderly humans.

Interactions

GPLD1 has been shown to

interact Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...

with

Apolipoprotein A1 Apolipoprotein AI (ApoA-I) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''APOA1'' gene. As the major component of HDL particles, it has a specific role in lipid metabolism. Structure ''APOA1'' is located on chromosome 11, with its specific lo ...

and

APOA4 Apolipoprotein A-IV (also known as apoA-IV, apoAIV, or apoA4) is plasma protein that is the product of the human gene APOA4. Gene APOA4 resides on chromosome 11 in close linkage to APOA1 and APOC3. APOA4 contains 3 exons separated by two intro ...

Interactions

References

Further reading