GEC Jabalpur
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Jabalpur Engineering College (JEC) is an institute located in
Jabalpur Jabalpur is a city situated on the banks of Narmada River in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. According to the 2011 census, it is the third-largest urban agglomeration in Madhya Pradesh and the country's 38th-largest urban agglomeration. J ...
, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is the oldest technical institution in central India and the 15th-oldest in India. It is the first institute of India to have started the Electronics & Telecommunication engineering education in the country, and also the last educational institution to be set up by the British in India. The Government of Madhya Pradesh is in the process of converting it into a Technical University.


History

JEC was established as the Government Engineering College (GEC), Jabalpur, on 7 July 1947, during the British rule in India. It was inaugurated by the then Minister for Education of the Central Provinces, S. V. Gokhale. It started functioning from the existing building of Robertson College, Jabalpur, which was constructed in the year 1916. The building now houses the Civil engineering department of JEC, and Robertson College has been shifted to its present and permanent campus in Pachpedi. Dr. S. P. Chakravarti, the then Head of the Electrical engineering department of Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, was appointed as its first Principal. JEC is the first institute of India to award
B.E. A Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) or a Bachelor of Science in Engineering (BSE) is an academic undergraduate degree awarded to a student after three to five years of studying engineering at an accredited college or university. In the UK, a Bache ...
in Electronics & Telecommunication engineering, which it is offering since 1947, the first institute of India to award M.E. in Microwave engineering, Radio & UHF engineering, VF & Carrier Telephone engineering, and High Voltage engineering, which it is offering since 1953, and the first institute of India to award
PhD PHD or PhD may refer to: * Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), an academic qualification Entertainment * '' PhD: Phantasy Degree'', a Korean comic series * ''Piled Higher and Deeper'', a web comic * Ph.D. (band), a 1980s British group ** Ph.D. (Ph.D. albu ...
in Advanced Electronics, which it is offering since 1955. JEC is the first institute of Madhya Pradesh to introduce BTech in
Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence—perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information—demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence displayed by animals and humans. Example tasks in which this is done include speech re ...
&
Data Science Data science is an interdisciplinary field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems to extract or extrapolate knowledge and insights from noisy, structured and unstructured data, and apply knowledge from data across a br ...
and
Mechatronics Mechatronics engineering also called mechatronics, is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that focuses on the integration of mechanical, electrical and electronic engineering systems, and also includes a combination of robotics, electronics, ...
, and MTech in Defence technology. It has installed the first
TV transmitter A television transmitter is a transmitter that is used for terrestrial (over-the-air) television broadcasting. It is an electronic device that radiates radio waves that carry a video signal representing moving images, along with a synchronized au ...
of India, and the first HV laboratory of India. The Silver Jubilee ceremony of the institute was celebrated in 1972, in the presence of the then Education Minister of Madhya Pradesh, Arjun Singh. The institute celebrated its 50th anniversary in 1997, while the
President of India The president of India ( IAST: ) is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Murmu ...
,
Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma Shankar Dayal Sharma (; 19 August 1918 – 26 December 1999) was an Indian lawyer and politician from the state of Madhya Pradesh who served as the ninth President of India, from 1992 to 1997. Born in Bhopal, Sharma studied at Agra, Allaha ...
,
Governor of Madhya Pradesh The governor of Madhya Pradesh is a nominal head and representative of the president of India in the state of Madhya Pradesh. The governor is appointed by the president for a period of five years. Governors of Madhya Pradesh See also * Madh ...
,
Mohammad Shafi Qureshi Mohammad Shafi Abbasi Qureshi (24 November 1928 – 28 August 2016) was an Indian politician and statesman from Kashmir and the founder of the Congress Party in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. Life He was born on 24 November 1928 in Kas ...
and the
Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh The chief minister of Madhya Pradesh is the chief executive A chief executive officer (CEO), also known as a central executive officer (CEO), chief administrator officer (CAO) or just chief executive (CE), is one of a number of corporate exe ...
,
Digvijaya Singh Digvijaya Singh (born 28 February 1947) is an Indian politician and a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha. He is Ex-General Secretary of the Indian National Congress party's All India Congress Committee. Previously, he had served as the ...
, graced the Golden Jubilee ceremony. The Platinum Jubilee year was inaugurated by the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh,
Shivraj Singh Chouhan Shivraj Singh Chouhan (born 5 March 1959), is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is the 17th and current Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, having been elected to the same position 3 times in the past, and a Member ...
, Technical Education Minister of Madhya Pradesh,
Yashodhara Raje Scindia Yashodhara Raje Scindia (born 19 June 1954) is an Indian politician and Minister of Sports and Youth Welfare, Technical Education and Skill Development and Employment of Madhya Pradesh. She is also the former Minister for Commerce, Industries an ...
, and the Minister in-charge of Jabalpur,
Gopal Bhargava Gopal Bhargava (born 1 July 1952) is an Indian politician and a senior cabinet minister in the Government of Madhya Pradesh. He was sworn in as a cabinet minister on July 2, 2020, for his sixth term, which is the highest number of terms any minis ...
, on 7 July 2021. It was funded since its inception by the
Government of India The Government of India (ISO: ; often abbreviated as GoI), known as the Union Government or Central Government but often simply as the Centre, is the national government of the Republic of India, a federal democracy located in South Asia, c ...
, until the creation of the new state of
Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh (, ; meaning 'central province') is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore, with Jabalpur, Ujjain, Gwalior, Sagar, and Rewa being the other major cities. Madhya Pradesh is the seco ...
. It was affiliated since its inception to the
University of Sagar Dr. Hari Singh Gour University (Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya), formerly and more popularly known as Sagar University or University of Saugor, is a Central University (India), central university in the city of Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, Sagar, ...
, until the creation of the
University of Jabalpur Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya (Rani Durgavati University), also known as University of Jabalpur, is a government university in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. It was named after the queen Rani Durgavati. History The university was constituted ...
, and then to the
State Technological University of Madhya Pradesh Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (RGPV), also known as State Technological University of Madhya Pradesh, is a state university situated in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is a multi-campus affiliating, research university offering di ...
. In 1997, it was granted an autonomous institute status, and in the year 2017, a proposal has been sent by the Ministry of Technical Education to the
Government of Madhya Pradesh Government of Madhya Pradesh also known as the State Government of Madhya Pradesh, or locally as the State Government, is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and its 52 districts. It consists of an executive, ...
, to declare it a technical university.


Academics


Departments

*
Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence—perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information—demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence displayed by animals and humans. Example tasks in which this is done include speech re ...
&
Data Science Data science is an interdisciplinary field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems to extract or extrapolate knowledge and insights from noisy, structured and unstructured data, and apply knowledge from data across a br ...
*
Mechatronics Engineering Mechatronics engineering also called mechatronics, is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that focuses on the integration of mechanical, electrical and electronic engineering systems, and also includes a combination of robotics, electronics, ...
*
Civil Engineering Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage ...
*
Electrical Engineering Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design, and application of equipment, devices, and systems which use electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It emerged as an identifiable occupation in the l ...
*
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical engineering is the study of physical machines that may involve force and movement. It is an engineering branch that combines engineering physics and mathematics principles with materials science, to design, analyze, manufacture, and ...
* Electronics & Telecommunications *
Computer Science & Engineering Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) is an academic program at many universities which comprises scientific and engineering aspects of computing. CSE is also a term often used in Europe to translate the name of engineering informatics academic ...
*
Information Technology Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to create, process, store, retrieve, and exchange all kinds of data . and information. IT forms part of information and communications technology (ICT). An information technology system (I ...
* Industrial & Production Engineering * Department of Humanities * Department of Applied Physics * Department of Applied Chemistry * Department of Applied Mathematics The institute offers
bachelor's A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin ''baccalaureus'') or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin ''baccalaureatus'') is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to six ye ...
,
master's A master's degree (from Latin ) is an academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice.
and
doctoral A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''li ...
degrees in engineering and
applied sciences Applied science is the use of the scientific method and knowledge obtained via conclusions from the method to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines such as engineering and medicine. Applied science is often contrasted ...
. JEC made an announcement in March 2013, that it is starting new courses in engineering like
Aerospace engineering Aerospace engineering is the primary field of engineering concerned with the development of aircraft and spacecraft. It has two major and overlapping branches: aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. Avionics engineering is si ...
,
Automotive engineering Automotive engineering, along with aerospace engineering and naval architecture, is a branch of vehicle engineering, incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software, and safety engineering as applied to the design, manufactu ...
,
Biomedical engineering Biomedical engineering (BME) or medical engineering is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes (e.g., diagnostic or therapeutic). BME is also traditionally logical sciences ...
,
Chemical engineering Chemical engineering is an engineering field which deals with the study of operation and design of chemical plants as well as methods of improving production. Chemical engineers develop economical commercial processes to convert raw materials int ...
,
Marine engineering Marine engineering is the engineering of boats, ships, submarines, and any other marine vessel. Here it is also taken to include the engineering of other ocean systems and structures – referred to in certain academic and professional circl ...
, Materials science,
Neuroscience Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system (the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system), its functions and disorders. It is a multidisciplinary science that combines physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, development ...
,
Nanotechnology Nanotechnology, also shortened to nanotech, is the use of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale for industrial purposes. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology referred to the particular technological goal o ...
,
Nanoelectronics Nanoelectronics refers to the use of nanotechnology in electronic components. The term covers a diverse set of devices and materials, with the common characteristic that they are so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical pr ...
, besides
Master of Business Administration A Master of Business Administration (MBA; also Master's in Business Administration) is a postgraduate degree focused on business administration. The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business administration such as accounti ...
,
Master of Design A Master of Design (MDes, M.Des. or M.Design) is a postgraduate academic master degree in the field of Design awarded by several academic institutions around the world. The degree level has different equivalencies; some MDes are equivalent to Master ...
,
Architecture Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing building ...
,
Town planning Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, ...
and
Pharmacy Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it links heal ...
.


Admissions

* B.E. / BTech – Admissions are carried out on the basis of performance in
Joint Entrance Examination – Main Joint Entrance Examination – Main (JEE-Main), formerly All India Engineering Entrance Examination (AIEEE), is an Indian standardised computer-based test for admission to various technical undergraduate programs in engineering, architecture, a ...
. * M.E. / MTech – through Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE). * MCA – through MP Pre-MCA examination, conducted by
Madhya Pradesh Professional Examination Board Employees Selection Board (MPESB), popularly known as Vyapam scam, Vyapam (an abbreviation of its Hindi name Madhya Pradesh ''Vyavsayik Pariksha Mandal''), is a employees selection board of Madhya Pradesh, India. It conducts various tests for ad ...
. * MSc – Every year, 15 seats are allotted for the respective departments i.e. Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry. Selection is purely based on the percentage obtained in BSc degree examination, minimum expectation is 50% for the eligibility. Departments may conduct a selection test if the number of applicants exceeds 15. * PhD – through Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE), followed by written test and Interview.


Accreditation

All the courses are approved by the
All India Council for Technical Education The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) is a statutory body, and a national-level council for technical education, under the Department of Higher Education. Established in November 1945 first as an advisory body and later on in ...
, recognised by the Directorate of Technical Education, Madhya Pradesh, and accredited by the
National Board of Accreditation The National Board of Accreditation (NBA) is one of the two major bodies responsible for accreditation of higher education institutions in India, along with the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). NBA accredits technical progr ...
.


Projects

The ongoing projects at JEC: * CORE (Centre of Relevance & Excellence) by TIFAC (Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India) * CIIILP (Canada-India Institute Industry Linkage Project) * Indo-Italian Research project * DSP Lab, Texas Instruments * Sun Microsystems Training Centre * Cisco Regional Academy of Networking Programme * Centre for National & Academic Networking for Continuing Education with AICTE * Renewable Energy Park – Govt. of India * Centre of Fuzzy Logic System by Govt. of India * Microzonation of selected cities of India by Geological Survey of India * STA (State Technical Agency) and Remote Sensing Centre of Prime Minister's Rural Road Project – Govt. of India * Research Project of Robotics & Manufacturing, Ministry of Science & Technology * Software Technology Park of India, 2 MBPS HSDC Node, Ministry of Information Technology * Fuller Energy Awards (State level) Selection * M.P. Chamber consultancy clinic of Katni with MPCON * Mini Tool Room, Ministry of Commerce & Industries, Government of India * ERNET- AICTE Facility for Distance Learning & Digital Library * Remote Sensing Resource Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) * MOUs signed with national & international organisations e.g. Infosys, Wipro, TCS, IBM, Cisco etc., for promoting training of students.


Student life


Housing


Events

* TEDxJECollege, an international conference is held annually in the month of February. * Aureole is the techno-cultural fest of Jabalpur Engineering College. * Aaghaz is the intra-college, inter-branch sports-cum-cultural fest and is held annually.


Societies

* Unofficial Magazine – Abhiyaam * JEC has its own theatre club – Azaan, which provides a platform for drama, acting and dance. * Photography society – The Camera Eye.tpo.jec-jabalpur.org/downloads/jec-profile-july2013.pdf * Literary society – The Literary Club. * Musical society – Raag. * Innovation Council – IIC JEC, The Institution's Innovation Council ( initiative by mhrd ). * Technical society for CSE /IT sector – The JEC ACM (Association for Computing Machinery). * Technical society – JLUG (JEC Linux User Group). * Technical society – Automotive Society. * Technical society for Electrical Engineering and Robotics – Urja. * JEC is also home of Kaarwaan, the social welfare society and NGO of JEC, run by college students that helps underprivileged children prepare for Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Selection Test (JNVST) and other similar exams.https://kaarwaa.com/


Notable alumni

*
Ajai Chowdhry Ajai Chowdhry (born 29 August 1950) is one of the six founding members of HCL (Hindustan Computers Limited). He is currently the Chairman-Board of Governors at National Institute of Foundry and Forge Technology (NIFFT), Ranchi, International In ...
– Co-founder & former Chairman of
HCL Technologies HCLTech (formerly Hindustan Computers Limited or HCL Technologies) is an Indian multinational information technology (IT) services and consulting company headquartered in Noida.It emerged as an independent company in 1991 when HCL entered into ...
. Awarded
Padma Bhushan The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award in the Republic of India, preceded by the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan and followed by the Padma Shri. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service ...
, the third-highest civilian honour in India. Chairman of
IIT Patna Indian Institute of Technology Patna (abbreviated IIT Patna or IITP) is a public technical university located at Bihta near Patna, Bihar. It is recognized as an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India. It is one of the new ...
and IIIT Naya Raipur, and former Chairman of
IIT Hyderabad Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad (abbreviated IIT Hyderabad or IITH) is a public technical research university located in Sangareddy district in the Indian state of Telanganaa. As with all Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), IIT ...
. *
Sharad Yadav Sharad Yadav (born 1 July 1947) is a politician from Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) party. He has been elected to Lok Sabha seven times and to Rajya Sabha thrice from JD(U). He was the first national president of Janata Dal (United) since its forma ...
– Former Union Cabinet Minister of India for
Civil Aviation Civil aviation is one of two major categories of flying, representing all non-military and non-state aviation, both private and commercial. Most of the countries in the world are members of the International Civil Aviation Organization and work ...
,
Labour Labour or labor may refer to: * Childbirth, the delivery of a baby * Labour (human activity), or work ** Manual labour, physical work ** Wage labour, a socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer ** Organized labour and the labour ...
,
Textiles Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the ...
, Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution,
Member of Parliament A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members of ...
of the
Lok Sabha The Lok Sabha, constitutionally the House of the People, is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament, with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past ...
and
Rajya Sabha The Rajya Sabha, constitutionally the Council of States, is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. , it has a maximum membership of 245, of which 233 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using si ...
, Chairman of
Janata Dal (United) Janata Dal (United) ("People’s Party (United)”) abbreviated as JD(U) is an Indian political party with political presence mainly in eastern and north-eastern India. JD(U) is recognised as a state party in the states of Bihar , Arunachal Pra ...
. *
K. S. Sudarshan Kuppahalli Sitaramayya Sudarshan (18 June 1931 – 15 September 2012) was the fifth '' Sarsanghachalak'' of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu nationalist organisation from 2000 to 2009. __TOC__ Biography Sudarshan was born in a San ...
– He was the fifth ''
Sarsanghachalak The Sarsanghchalak ( IAST: Sarasanghacālaka) is the head of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), an Indian right-wing, Hindu nationalist organisation that is widely regarded as the parent organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party. The RSS is ...
'' (Chief) of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the world's largest voluntary non-governmental organisation. *
C. B. Bhave Chandrasekhar Bhaskar Bhave is an Indian financial regulator. He was appointed as Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in February 2008 for a period of three years. He was succeeded by Upendra Kumar Sinha as the chairma ...
IAS IAS may refer to: Science * Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton, New Jersey, United States * Image Analysis & Stereology, the official journal of the International Society for Stereology & Image Analysis. * Iowa Archeological Society, Uni ...
officer. Former Chairman & Managing Director of National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) and Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). *
Sharat Saxena Sharat Saxena (born 17 August 1950) is an Indian actor who appears in Hindi films along with Telugu, Malayalam and Tamil films. He has acted in more than 250 Bollywood films. Saxena started his career in the early 1970s and has mainly played su ...
– Veteran Indian film and television actor. * Shyam Mardikar – Chief Technology Officer,
Reliance Jio Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited, doing business as Jio, is an Indian telecommunications company and a subsidiary of Jio Platforms, headquartered in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It operates a national LTE network with coverage across all 2 ...
and former CTO,
Bharti Airtel Bharti Airtel Limited, commonly known as (d/b/a) Airtel, is an Indian multinational telecommunications services company based in New Delhi. It operates in 18 countries across South Asia and Africa, as well as the Channel Islands. Currently, ...
. Also served as an ITS officer. * Prakash Naidu – Former Project Director, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Bangalore. *
Shreegopal Vyas Shreegopal Vyas (born 15 February 1932) is an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party and a member of the Parliament of India representing Chhattisgarh in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament. He is an alumnus of the Jabalpur ...
Member of Parliament A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members of ...
of the
Rajya Sabha The Rajya Sabha, constitutionally the Council of States, is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. , it has a maximum membership of 245, of which 233 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using si ...
. * Hemchandra Kekre – Founding Head of department, Computer Science & Engineering at
IIT Bombay The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay or IITB) is a public research university and technical institute in Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is considered as one of the best engineering universities in India and is top ranked ...
. Also served as a professor of Electrical Engineering at IIT-B. *
Visva Mohan Tiwari Vishwa Mohan Tiwari (born February 1935) is an Indian creative writer, advisor, poet and meditation teacher. He is the author of 17 of his own books and 9 translated books. In 1998 he received the Atmaram Award. Personal life Tiwari was born in ...
– Retired Air Vice Marshal,
Indian Air Force The Indian Air Force (IAF) is the air arm of the Indian Armed Forces. Its complement of personnel and aircraft assets ranks third amongst the air forces of the world. Its primary mission is to secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial w ...
. *
Sudhir Kumar Mishra Sudhir Kumar Mishra is an Indian engineer, defence scientist and civil servant. He is currently the director general at the Defence Research & Development Organisation, and the chief executive officer and managing director of BrahMos Aerospace, a ...
DRDS Defence Research & Development Service (DRDS) (Hindi: रक्षा अनुसंधान एवं विकास सेवा) is a Central Group 'A' Civil Service of the Government of India. DRDS scientists are Gazetted (Group A) defenc ...
officer. Director General at the Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO), CEO and managing director,
BrahMos Aerospace The BrahMos Aerospace is an Indo-Russian multinational aerospace and defense corporation, with core manufacturing concentrations in Cruise missiles. Headquartered in New Delhi, India, it was founded as a joint venture between the India's Def ...
.


References

{{Authority control Universities and colleges in Madhya Pradesh Engineering colleges in Madhya Pradesh Education in Jabalpur Educational institutions established in 1947 1947 establishments in India