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''Fuselloviridae'' is a family of
Viruses in ''Fuselloviridae'' are enveloped, with lemon-shaped geometries. The diameter is around 60 nm, with a length of 100 nm. Genomes are circular, around 17.3 kb in length.
Biochemical characterization of SSV1, a prototypical fusellovirus, showed that virions are composed of four virus-encoded structural proteins, VP1 to VP4, as well as one DNA-binding chromatin protein of cellular origin. The virion proteins VP1, VP3, and VP4 undergo posttranslational modification by glycosylation, seemingly at multiple sites. VP1 is also proteolytically processed. SSV1 virions contain glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids, which appear to be acquired by the virus in a selective manner from the host cytoplasmic membrane.
Viralzone: Fuselloviridae
ICTV
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3775816 Archaeal viruses Virus families
viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.
Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's ...
. Sulfolobus species, specifically shibatae, solfataricus, and islandicus, serve as natural hosts. There are two genera and nine species in the family. The ''Fuselloviridae'' are ubiquitous in high-temperature (≥70 °C), acidic (pH ≤4) hot spring
A hot spring, hydrothermal spring, or geothermal spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater onto the surface of the Earth. The groundwater is heated either by shallow bodies of magma (molten rock) or by c ...
s around the world.
Taxonomy
The family contains the following genera and species: * '' Alphafusellovirus'' ** '' Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 1'' ** '' Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 2'' ** '' Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 4'' ** '' Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 5'' ** '' Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 7'' ** '' Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 8'' ** '' Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 9'' * '' Betafusellovirus'' ** '' Acidianus spindle-shaped virus 1'' ** '' Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 6''Structure
Viruses in ''Fuselloviridae'' are enveloped, with lemon-shaped geometries. The diameter is around 60 nm, with a length of 100 nm. Genomes are circular, around 17.3 kb in length.
Biochemical characterization of SSV1, a prototypical fusellovirus, showed that virions are composed of four virus-encoded structural proteins, VP1 to VP4, as well as one DNA-binding chromatin protein of cellular origin. The virion proteins VP1, VP3, and VP4 undergo posttranslational modification by glycosylation, seemingly at multiple sites. VP1 is also proteolytically processed. SSV1 virions contain glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids, which appear to be acquired by the virus in a selective manner from the host cytoplasmic membrane.
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA templated transcription is the method of transcription. ''Sulfolobus shibatae'', ''S. solfataricus'', and ''S. islandicus'' serve as the natural host. Fuselloviruses are released from the host without causing cell lysis by a budding mechanism, similar to that employed by enveloped eukaryotic viruses.
References
External links
Viralzone: Fuselloviridae
ICTV
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3775816 Archaeal viruses Virus families