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capital city A capital city or capital is the municipality holding primary status in a country, state, province, department, or other subnational entity, usually as its seat of the government. A capital is typically a city that physically encompasses t ...
of
Fukui Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshū. Fukui Prefecture has a population of 778,943 (1 June 2017) and has a geographic area of 4,190 km2 (1,617 sq mi). Fukui Prefecture borders Ishikawa Prefecture to the north, ...
, Japan. , the city had an estimated
population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction usi ...
of 264,217, and a
population density Population density (in agriculture: standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term.Matt RosenberPopu ...
of 69.2 persons per km2, in 102,935 households. Its total area is . Most of the population lives in a small central area; the city limits include rural plains, mountainous areas, and suburban sprawl along the Route 8 bypass.


Overview


Cityscape

File:Fukui Station Hokuriku 2018.09.28.jpg, Fukui Station(2018) File:Fukui Castle Ruins-daimyomachi station.jpg,
Downtown ''Downtown'' is a term primarily used in North America by English speakers to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business district ...
of FukuiCity(2018) File:Fukui city aerial 03.jpg, FukuiCity Aerial(2014) File:Tsukumo bridge.jpg,
Skyline A skyline is the outline or shape viewed near the horizon. It can be created by a city’s overall structure, or by human intervention in a rural setting, or in nature that is formed where the sky meets buildings or the land. City skylin ...
of FukuiCity(2013)


Geography

Fukui is located in the coastal plain in north-central part of the prefecture. It is bordered by the
Sea of Japan The Sea of Japan is the marginal sea between the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin, the Korean Peninsula, and the mainland of the Russian Far East. The Japanese archipelago separates the sea from the Pacific Ocean. Like the Mediterranean Sea, i ...
to the west and the Ryōhaku Mountains to the east. The Kuzuryū River flows through the city.


Climate

Fukui has a
humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between latitudes 25° and 40° ...
(
Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, nota ...
''Cfa'') with hot, humid summers and cool winters. Precipitation is high throughout the year, and is especially heavy in December and January.


Neighbouring municipalities

;
Fukui Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshū. Fukui Prefecture has a population of 778,943 (1 June 2017) and has a geographic area of 4,190 km2 (1,617 sq mi). Fukui Prefecture borders Ishikawa Prefecture to the north, ...
* Sakai * Ōno * Katsuyama *
Sabae is a city located in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 69,338 in 24,167 households and the population density of 820 persons per km2. The total area of the city was . Geography Sabae is located in central ...
* Ikeda * Eiheiji * Echizen (town)


Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Fukui has remained relatively steady over the past 40 years.


History


Origins

Fukui was part of ancient Echizen Province.


Sengoku Period

In 1471, Asakura had displaced the
Shiba clan was a Japanese clan. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003).html" ;"title="DF 58 of 80">("Shiba," ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 54 DF_58_of_80">("Shi_...
_as_the_''shugo.html" ;"title="DF 58 of 80/nowiki>">DF 58 of 80">("Shi ...
as the ''shugo">DF 58 of 80/nowiki>">DF 58 of 80">("Shi ...
as the ''shugo
'' military commander of Echizen Province. The same year, Asakura Toshikage (1428–1481) fortified the Ichijōdani by constructing hilltop fortifications on the surrounding mountains and constructing walls and gates to seal off the northern and southern end of the valley. Within this area, he contracted a fortified mansion, surrounded by the homes of his relatives and retainers, and eventually by the residences of merchants and artisans, and Buddhist temples. He offered refuge to people of culture or skills from Kyoto attempting to escape the conflict of the Ōnin War, and the Ichijōdani became a major cultural, military, and population center, and by the time of Asakura Takakage (1493–1548) it had a peak population of over 10,000 inhabitants. Yoshikage succeeded his father as head of the Asakura clan and castle lord of Ichijōdani Castle in 1548. The Asakura maintained good relations with the
Ashikaga shogunate The , also known as the , was the feudal military government of Japan during the Muromachi period from 1336 to 1573.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Muromachi-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 669. The Ashikaga shogunate was establi ...
, and thus eventually came into conflict with
Oda Nobunaga was a Japanese ''daimyō'' and one of the leading figures of the Sengoku period. He is regarded as the first "Great Unifier" of Japan. Nobunaga was head of the very powerful Oda clan, and launched a war against other ''daimyō'' to unify ...
. Following Nobunaga's capture of
Kyoto Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the c ...
,
Shōgun , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamaku ...
Ashikaga Yoshiaki "Ashikaga Yoshiaki" in ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica''. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 625. was the 15th and final '' shōgun'' of the Ashikaga shogunate in Japan who reigned from 1568 to 1573.Ackroyd, ...
appointed Asakura Yoshikage as regent and requested aid in driving Nobunaga out of the capital. As a result, Nobunaga launched an invasion of Echizen Province. Due to Yoshikage's lack of military skill, Nobunaga's forces were successful at the Siege of Kanegasaki and subsequent
Battle of Anegawa The Sengoku period (30 July 1570) occurred near Lake Biwa in Ōmi Province, Japan, between the allied forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu, against the combined forces of the Azai and Asakura clans._It_is_notable_as_the_first_batt ...
in 1570, leaving the entire Asakura Domain open to invasion. Ichijōdani was razed to the ground by Nobunaga during the 1573 Siege of Ichijōdani Castle.
Kitanosho Castle was a ''hirashiro'' (castle located on flatland). Its remains are located in current-day Fukui, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. As the castle lasted merely eight years, few records survive about it. It is known, though that it was built by Shibata Katsu ...
is known, though that it was built by Shibata Katsuie in 1575. Also, it appears that the ''
tenshu is an architectural typology found in Japanese castle complexes. They are easily identifiable as the highest tower within the castle. Common translations of ''tenshu'' include keep, main keep, or ''donjon''. ''Tenshu'' are characterized as ty ...
'' (keep) was nine stories high, making it the largest of the time. File:Asakura Yoshikage2.jpg, Asakura Yoshikage File:Asakura Yakata of Ichijodani Asakura Family Historic Ruins02s3s4440.jpg, Ichijōdani Asakura Family Historic Ruins File:Shibata katsuie.png, Shibata Katsuie File:Shibata jinja.jpeg,
Kitanosho Castle was a ''hirashiro'' (castle located on flatland). Its remains are located in current-day Fukui, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. As the castle lasted merely eight years, few records survive about it. It is known, though that it was built by Shibata Katsu ...
(Sibata Jinja)


Edo Period

Castle town and centre of Fukui Domain during the
Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was character ...
Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...
. Fukui Domain played a key role in the
Meiji restoration The , referred to at the time as the , and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Regeneration, Reform, or Renewal, was a political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were ...
. The modern city of Fukui was founded with the creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. File:Yuki Hideyasu.jpg,
Yūki Hideyasu was a Japanese samurai who lived during the Azuchi–Momoyama and early Edo periods. He was the ''daimyō'' of Fukui Domain in Echizen. Early life Hideyasu was born as in 1574, the second son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, by Lady Oman (also known as L ...
File:Fukui Castle02bs3200.jpg, Fukui Castle


Meiji, Taisho & Showa Period

During the pre-war period, Fukui grew to become an important industrial and railroad centre. Factories in the area produced aircraft parts, electrical equipment, machine motors, various metal products and textiles. Fukui was largely destroyed on June 19, 1945 during the Bombing of Fukui during World War II. Of the city's at the time, 84.8% of Fukui was destroyed, per the
United States Army Air Forces The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF) was the major land-based aerial warfare service component of the United States Army and ''de facto'' aerial warfare service branch of the United States during and immediately after World War II ...
's
Strategic Bombing Survey The United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS) was a written report created by a board of experts assembled to produce an impartial assessment of the effects of the Anglo-American strategic bombing of Nazi Germany during the European theatre ...
. File:Fukui District Court01b3200.jpg, Fukui District Court File:Fukui-shi suido-kinenkan03n4592.jpg, Fukui City Water Service Memorial File:Fukui Prefectural Office in 1950s.JPG, Fukui Prefectural Office Building (1923)


Modern Fukui

Fukui was again devastated by a major earthquake in 1948. On February 1, 2006, the town of Miyama (from Asuwa District), the town of Shimizu, and the village of Koshino (both from Nyū District) were merged into Fukui. Fukui's city status was designated a core city on April 1, 2019.


Government

Fukui has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a
unicameral Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature, which consists of one house or assembly, that legislates and votes as one. Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multi ...
city legislature of 32 members. The city also contributes 12 members to the Fukui Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, Fukui forms part of Fukui 1st district, a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives in the national
Diet of Japan The is the national legislature of Japan. It is composed of a lower house, called the House of Representatives (, ''Shūgiin''), and an upper house, the House of Councillors (, '' Sangiin''). Both houses are directly elected under a paral ...
.


External relations


Twin towns – sister cities


International

Fukui is twinned with: ;Sister Cities ;Friendship Cities


National

;Sister Cities ;Friendship cities ;Partnership cities


Economy

The economy of Fukui is mixed. The city is a regional commercial and finance centre; however, manufacturing, agriculture and commercial fishing also are contributors to the local economy.


Primary sector of the economy


Agriculture

; Japan Agricultural Cooperatives(JA) *Fukui Prefecture Agricultural Cooperatives(JA FukuiPrefecture)


Fishing industry

; Japan Fisheries cooperative(JF) *FukuiCity Fisheries cooperative(JF FukuiCity)


Secondary sector of industry


Manufacturing industry

Fukui is home to several companies, including: * Matsuura Machinery, an international heavy machinery manufacturing company *Morinaga Hokuriku Dairy, a dairy products subsidiary of
Morinaga Milk Industry is a milk products and sweets company based in Tokyo, Japan, in operation since September 1, 1917. Their products include milk products, drinks, candy, confectioneries, and infant formula. Morinaga has distribution agreements with Mondelez In ...
* Kumagai Gumi, a large general construction company, was founded and has its registered head office in the city.


Tertiary sector of industry


Service industry


Emori Shoji
a trading house with strong ties to China * Keifuku Bus


Education


Universities and colleges

* Fukui Prefectural University * University of Fukui *
Fukui University of Technology The is a private university founded in 1950 and located in Fukui, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. The university has undergraduate faculties in engineering, environmental and information sciences, and sports and health sciences, as well as a graduate ...
* Jin-ai Women's College * Fukui College of Health Sciences


Secondary schools

* Fujishima Senior High School * Koshi Senior High School *Fukui Commercial Senior High School *Usui Senior High School *Asuwa Senior High School *Michimori Senior High School *Kagaku-Gijutsu Senior High School *Fukui Norin Senior High School *Hokuriku Senior High School *Fukui University of Technology - Fukui Senior High School *Jin-ai Girl's Senior High School *Keishin Senior High School *Fukui Minami Senior High School


Other schools

* Fukui Prefectural School for the Blind * Fukui Prefectural School for the Deaf *A North Korean school: Hokuriku Korean Elementary and Junior High School ( 北陸朝鮮初中級学校).


Transport


Railways


High-speed rail

;
West Japan Railway Company , also referred to as , is one of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group) companies and operates in western Honshu. It has its headquarters in Kita-ku, Osaka. It is listed in the Tokyo Stock Exchange, is a constituent of the TOPIX Large70 index, and ...
(JR West) *
Hokuriku Shinkansen The is a high-speed Shinkansen railway line jointly operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and West Japan Railway Company (JR West), connecting Tokyo with in the Hokuriku region of Japan. The first section, between and in Nagano Pr ...
: (under construction)


Conventional lines

;
West Japan Railway Company , also referred to as , is one of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group) companies and operates in western Honshu. It has its headquarters in Kita-ku, Osaka. It is listed in the Tokyo Stock Exchange, is a constituent of the TOPIX Large70 index, and ...
(JR West) *
Hokuriku Main Line The Hokuriku Main Line ( ja, 北陸本線, ) is a 176.6 kilometer railway line owned by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West) connecting the Maibara Station in Maibara, Shiga, with the Naoetsu Station in Joetsu, Niigata. The section betwe ...
Echizen-Hanandō - ( Minami-Fukui Freight Terminal) - Fukui - Morita * Etsumi-Hoku Line (Kuzuryū Line): - - - - - - - - - - - ; Fukui Railway *
Fukubu Line The is a 21.4 km railway line operated by Fukui Railway in Fukui Prefecture. The line runs from Echizen-Takefu Station in Echizen to and stations in Fukui. Although it has its own right-of-way for most of the route, the Fukubu Line run ...
: - - - - - - - - - - - - - ;
Echizen Railway is a third-sector railway operating company located in Fukui, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. It owns and operates the Katsuyama Eiheiji Line between Fukui and Katsuyama and the Mikuni Awara Line between Fukui and Sakai. History In 1992, Keifuku ...
* Mikuni Awara: - - - - - - - - - - - ''Jin'ai Ground-Mae'' - *
Katsuyama Eiheiji Line The is a railway line operated by Echizen Railway in Fukui Prefecture. The line extends 27.8 km from the city of Fukui to Katsuyama with a total of 23 stations. It was operated by Keifuku Electric Railway until 2001; Echizen Railway to ...
: - - - - - - -


Roads


Expressways

* Hokuriku Expressway


Japan National Route

* * * * *


Seaways


Sea Port

*Port of Takasu


Visitor attractions

* Ichijōdani Asakura Family Historic Ruins, one of the most important cultural heritage sites in Japan * Yōkōkan Garden * Fukui Castle *
Fukui Fine Arts Museum opened in Fukui, Fukui Prefecture, Japan, in 1977. The collection, numbering some 2,840 pieces, includes prints by Goya and Picasso and paintings by Iwasa Matabei Iwasa Matabei ( ja, 岩佐 又兵衛, translit=Iwasa Matabē; original name Ar ...
*
Kitanosho Castle was a ''hirashiro'' (castle located on flatland). Its remains are located in current-day Fukui, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. As the castle lasted merely eight years, few records survive about it. It is known, though that it was built by Shibata Katsu ...
* Asuwa River *
Harmony Hall Fukui The , formally called , often abbreviated as ''HHF'', is a concert hall located in Fukui, Fukui, Japan. Summary Established in 1997, the building is owned by the , known for having a huge organ built by Karl Schuke Berliner Orgelbauwerkstat ...
* Fukui International Activities Plaza * " Yoroppaken", creator of Fukui's trademark dish, *
Peace Pagoda A Peace Pagoda is a Buddhist stupa; a monument to inspire peace, designed to provide a focus for people of all races and creeds, and to help unite them in their search for world peace. Most, though not all, peace pagodas built since World War II ...
, the second of its kind in the world, inaugurated in 1959 File:Youkoukan03s4592.jpg, Yōkōkan Garden File:Youkoukanteien.jpg, The Yōkōkan Kantei File:Fukui Castle04bs4592.jpg, Fukui Castle File:Fukui District Court01b3200.jpg, Fukui District Court File:Fukui International Activities Plaza03b3200.jpg, Fukui International Activities Plaza File:Harmony Hall Fukui.JPG,
Harmony Hall Fukui The , formally called , often abbreviated as ''HHF'', is a concert hall located in Fukui, Fukui, Japan. Summary Established in 1997, the building is owned by the , known for having a huge organ built by Karl Schuke Berliner Orgelbauwerkstat ...
File:Koshino beach.jpg, Koshino beach


Culture


Sports


Baseball

* Fukui Wild RaptorsBC.League


Handball

*Hokuriku Electric Power Company Blue Thunder( JHL


Soccer

* Fukui United FC
Hokushinetsu Football League is the Japanese fifth tier of league football, which is part of the Japanese Regional Leagues are a group of parallel association football leagues in Japan that are organized on the regional basis. They form the fifth tier of the Japanese a ...
File:FUKUI"fenikkususutajiamu".JPG, Fukui Phoenix Stadium File:Fukui Prefectural Gymnasium 20110617121141.jpg, Fukui Prefectural Gymnasium File:Technoport Fukui 20140504.JPG, Technoport Fukui Stadium File:2018年夏の福井県営陸上競技場.jpg, Fukui Prefectural sports Park(9.98 Stadium) File:Fukui-keirin-2.jpg, Fukui Velodrome


References


External links

* * {{Authority control Cities in Fukui Prefecture Port settlements in Japan Populated coastal places in Japan