Fuhlsbüttel Concentration Camp
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is an urban quarter in the north of
Hamburg (male), (female) en, Hamburger(s), Hamburgian(s) , timezone1 = Central (CET) , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST = Central (CEST) , utc_offset1_DST = +2 , postal ...
,
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
in the
Hamburg-Nord Hamburg-Nord (meaning ''Hamburg North'') is one of the seven boroughs of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, in northern Germany. In 2020, according to the residents registration office, the population was 315,514 in an area of 57.5 km2. ...
district. It is known as the site of Hamburg's international airport, and as the location of a prison which served as a
concentration camp Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects". Thus, while it can simply ...
in the
Nazi Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...
system of repression. As a result of boundary changes, JVA Fuhlsbüttel prison is now in
Ohlsdorf, Hamburg Ohlsdorf is a quarter of Hamburg, Germany. Within the quarter, the Ohlsdorf Cemetery, the largest of Hamburg, is located. The cemetery is also considered the largest rural cemetery of the world. Geography Ohlsdorf is bordered to the north by Hu ...
.


History

In 1871, at the declaration of the
German Reich German ''Reich'' (lit. German Realm, German Empire, from german: Deutsches Reich, ) was the constitutional name for the German nation state that existed from 1871 to 1945. The ''Reich'' became understood as deriving its authority and sovereignty ...
the village of Fuhlsbüttel was given to the State of Hamburg.


Fuhlsbüttel airship base

From 1912 ''Luftschiffhafen'' (Airship Port) Fuhlsbüttel was the first hangar and headquarters of the ''Marine-Luftschiff-Abteilung'' (Naval Airship Division) of the German ''
Kaiserliche Marine {{italic title The adjective ''kaiserlich'' means "imperial" and was used in the German-speaking countries to refer to those institutions and establishments over which the ''Kaiser'' ("emperor") had immediate personal power of control. The term wa ...
'' (Imperial Navy). From there and several new bases recon missions over the North Sea and bombing mission against England were flown during
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
.


Fuhlsbüttel concentration camp

On 4 September 1933, seven months after Hitler’s appointment as
Chancellor of Germany The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany,; often shortened to ''Bundeskanzler''/''Bundeskanzlerin'', / is the head of the federal government of Germany and the commander in chief of the Ge ...
, parts of Fuhlsbüttel prison were converted into a concentration camp. It was initially placed under the command of the SA. Most of the inmates were
Communists Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a so ...
,
Social Democrats Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote so ...
and other political opponents of Nazism,
Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
,
Jehovah's Witnesses Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The group reports a worldwide membership of approximately 8.7 million adherents involved in ...
,
Romani Romani may refer to: Ethnicities * Romani people, an ethnic group of Northern Indian origin, living dispersed in Europe, the Americas and Asia ** Romani genocide, under Nazi rule * Romani language, any of several Indo-Aryan languages of the Roma ...
,
homosexual Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" to peop ...
men and others whom the regime wanted to lock up. In 1936, the
Gestapo The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
began running the camp, then called ''Polizeigefängnis Fuhlsbüttel'' (police prison). Over 700 people were interned in the camp following
Kristallnacht () or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s) (german: Novemberpogrome, ), was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's (SA) paramilitary and (SS) paramilitary forces along with some participation from ...
in 1938. Fuhlsbüttel concentration camp was referred to in common parlance as ''KolaFu'' (abbreviated from ''Konzentrationslager Fuhlsbüttel'') and became a synonym for oppression and death through hard labor. Fuhlsbüttel was often an initial point of incarceration for prisoners who were sent on to other camps such as
Buchenwald Buchenwald (; literally 'beech forest') was a Nazi concentration camp established on hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937. It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within Germany's 1937 borders. Many actual or su ...
,
Esterwegen Esterwegen is a municipality in the Emsland district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Geography Esterwegen lies in northwest Germany, less than from the Dutch border and about from the sea. Demographics In 2015 the population was 5,280. Government ...
, Neuengamme, Ravensbrück or
Sachsenhausen Sachsenhausen () or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a German Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used from 1936 until April 1945, shortly before the defeat of Nazi Germany in May later that year. It mainly held political prisoners ...
. The camp was liberated on 3 May 1945, by which time over 250 people had been murdered there. There is a memorial for the camp nearby. A famous political prisoner held at the camp was First World War veteran – turned
pacifist Pacifism is the opposition or resistance to war, militarism (including conscription and mandatory military service) or violence. Pacifists generally reject theories of Just War. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campaign ...
– Kapitänleutnant
Hellmuth von Mücke Hellmuth von Mücke (21 June 1881 – 30 July 1957) was an Officer of the Kaiserliche Marine, the navy of the German Empire, in the early 20th century and World War I. Early life Mücke was born on 21 June 1881 in Zwickau, Saxony. He was a son ...
. Women were also held at the camp, including
Mary Pünjer Mary Pünjer (24 August 1904 – 28 May 1942) was a German lesbian Jew, who was murdered in the Bernburg Euthanasia Centre during the Holocaust. Life Mary Kümmermann was born on 24 August 1904 in Wandsbek to a Jewish family. After graduating f ...
, who was accused of lesbianism.


Geography

In 2006 according to the statistical office of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein, the quarter Fuhlsbüttel has a total area of .


Climate

Fuhlsbuettel has a typical
oceanic climate An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate, is the humid temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification ''Cfb'', typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool summers and mild winters ( ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...
: ''Cfb'').


Demographics

As of 2006, 11,890 people were living in the Fuhlsbüttel quarter. The population density was . 14.6% were children under the age of 18, and 20.5% were 65 years of age or older. 9.7% were immigrants. 508 people were registered as unemployed. In 1999 there were 6,768 households and 49.7% of all households were made up of individuals.Source: statistical office Nord of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein (1999) According to the Department of Motor Vehicles (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt), 5,004 private vehicles were registered in the Fuhlsbüttel quarter (425 vehicles/1,000 people).Source: statistical office Nord of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein (2006) There were two elementary schools and one secondary school in the Fuhlsbüttel quarter and 26 physicians in private practice and five pharmacies.


Politics

These are the results of Fuhlsbüttel in the Hamburg state election:


Transport

Fuhlsbüttel is served by the
Hamburg U-Bahn The Hamburg U-Bahn is a rapid transit system serving the cities of Hamburg, Norderstedt and Ahrensburg in Germany. Although referred to by the term U-Bahn (the "U" commonly being understood as standing for "underground"), most of the system's ...
(underground) line U1, with two stations, ''Fuhlsbüttel'' and ''Fuhlsbüttel Nord'' (formerly called ''Flughafenstraße''). Since December 2008, Fuhlsbüttel has also been served by the
Hamburg S-Bahn The Hamburg S-Bahn is a suburban commuter railway network in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. Together, the S-Bahn, the Hamburg U-Bahn, the AKN railway and the regional railway form the backbone of railway public transport in the city and the s ...
S1 with the
Hamburg Airport station Hamburg Airport (Flughafen) is a station on line S1 of the Hamburg S-Bahn, serving Hamburg's airport in the quarter of Fuhlsbüttel in the northeast of the city. It opened in 2008. According to S-Bahn Hamburg GmbH — owner and operator of the ...
.


Notable buildings

* St. Marien Lutheran Church


References


External links



History of Satellite Camp Hamburg-Fuhlsbüttel Retrieved March 29, 2010
Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein
Office of Statistics for Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein, official website. Retrieved March 29, 2010 {{DEFAULTSORT:Fuhlsbuttel Quarters of Hamburg Neuengamme concentration camp Hamburg-Nord