is an urban quarter in the north of
Hamburg
(male), (female) en, Hamburger(s),
Hamburgian(s)
, timezone1 = Central (CET)
, utc_offset1 = +1
, timezone1_DST = Central (CEST)
, utc_offset1_DST = +2
, postal ...
,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
in the
Hamburg-Nord
Hamburg-Nord (meaning ''Hamburg North'') is one of the seven boroughs of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, in northern Germany. In 2020, according to the residents registration office, the population was 315,514 in an area of 57.5 km2. ...
district. It is known as the site of
Hamburg's international airport, and as the location of a prison which served as a
concentration camp
Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects". Thus, while it can simpl ...
in the
Nazi
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...
system of repression. As a result of boundary changes, JVA Fuhlsbüttel prison is now in
Ohlsdorf, Hamburg
Ohlsdorf is a quarter of Hamburg, Germany. Within the quarter, the Ohlsdorf Cemetery, the largest of Hamburg, is located. The cemetery is also considered the largest rural cemetery of the world.
Geography
Ohlsdorf is bordered to the north by ...
.
History
In 1871, at the declaration of the
German Reich
German ''Reich'' (lit. German Realm, German Empire, from german: Deutsches Reich, ) was the constitutional name for the German nation state that existed from 1871 to 1945. The ''Reich'' became understood as deriving its authority and sovereignty ...
the village of Fuhlsbüttel was given to the State of Hamburg.
Fuhlsbüttel airship base
From 1912 ''Luftschiffhafen'' (Airship Port) Fuhlsbüttel was the first hangar and headquarters of the ''Marine-Luftschiff-Abteilung'' (Naval Airship Division) of the German ''
Kaiserliche Marine
{{italic title
The adjective ''kaiserlich'' means "imperial" and was used in the German-speaking countries to refer to those institutions and establishments over which the ''Kaiser'' ("emperor") had immediate personal power of control.
The term wa ...
'' (Imperial Navy). From there and several new bases
recon missions over the North Sea and
bombing mission against England were flown during
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
.
Fuhlsbüttel concentration camp
On 4 September 1933, seven months after Hitler’s appointment as
Chancellor of Germany, parts of Fuhlsbüttel prison were converted into a concentration camp. It was initially placed under the command of the
SA. Most of the inmates were
Communists
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
,
Social Democrats
Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote so ...
and other political opponents of Nazism,
Jews
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
,
Jehovah's Witnesses,
Romani,
homosexual men and others whom the regime wanted to lock up. In 1936, the
Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one orga ...
began running the camp, then called ''Polizeigefängnis Fuhlsbüttel'' (police prison). Over 700 people were interned in the camp following
Kristallnacht
() or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s) (german: Novemberpogrome, ), was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's (SA) paramilitary and (SS) paramilitary forces along with some participation fro ...
in 1938. Fuhlsbüttel concentration camp was referred to in common parlance as ''KolaFu'' (abbreviated from ''Konzentrationslager Fuhlsbüttel'') and became a synonym for oppression and death through hard labor. Fuhlsbüttel was often an initial point of incarceration for prisoners who were sent on to other camps such as
Buchenwald
Buchenwald (; literally 'beech forest') was a Nazi concentration camp established on hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937. It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within Germany's 1937 borders. Many actual or sus ...
,
Esterwegen
Esterwegen is a municipality in the Emsland district, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
Geography
Esterwegen lies in northwest Germany, less than from the Dutch border and about from the sea.
Demographics
In 2015 the population was 5,280.
Government ...
, Neuengamme,
Ravensbrück or
Sachsenhausen. The camp was liberated on 3 May 1945, by which time over 250 people had been murdered there.
There is a memorial for the camp nearby.
A famous political prisoner held at the camp was First World War veteran – turned
pacifist – Kapitänleutnant
Hellmuth von Mücke
Hellmuth von Mücke (21 June 1881 – 30 July 1957) was an Officer of the Kaiserliche Marine, the navy of the German Empire, in the early 20th century and World War I.
Early life
Mücke was born on 21 June 1881 in Zwickau, Saxony. He was a son ...
. Women were also held at the camp, including
Mary Pünjer, who was accused of lesbianism.
Geography
In 2006 according to the statistical office of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein, the quarter Fuhlsbüttel has a total area of .
Climate
Fuhlsbuettel has a typical
oceanic climate (
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer
* Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan
* Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...
: ''Cfb'').
Demographics
As of 2006, 11,890 people were living in the Fuhlsbüttel quarter. The population density was . 14.6% were children under the age of 18, and 20.5% were 65 years of age or older. 9.7% were immigrants. 508 people were registered as unemployed. In 1999 there were 6,768 households and 49.7% of all households were made up of individuals.
[Source: statistical office Nord of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein (1999)]
According to the Department of Motor Vehicles (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt), 5,004 private vehicles were registered in the Fuhlsbüttel quarter (425 vehicles/1,000 people).
[Source: statistical office Nord of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein (2006)]
There were two elementary schools and one secondary school in the Fuhlsbüttel quarter and 26 physicians in private practice and five pharmacies.
Politics
These are the results of Fuhlsbüttel in the
Hamburg state election:
Transport
Fuhlsbüttel is served by the
Hamburg U-Bahn
The Hamburg U-Bahn is a rapid transit system serving the cities of Hamburg, Norderstedt and Ahrensburg in Germany. Although referred to by the term U-Bahn (the "U" commonly being understood as standing for "underground"), most of the system's t ...
(underground) line U1, with two stations, ''Fuhlsbüttel'' and ''Fuhlsbüttel Nord'' (formerly called ''Flughafenstraße'').
Since December 2008, Fuhlsbüttel has also been served by the
Hamburg S-Bahn S1 with the
Hamburg Airport station
Hamburg Airport (Flughafen) is a station on line S1 of the Hamburg S-Bahn, serving Hamburg's airport in the quarter of Fuhlsbüttel in the northeast of the city. It opened in 2008. According to S-Bahn Hamburg GmbH — owner and operator of th ...
.
Notable buildings
*
St. Marien Lutheran Church
References
External links
History of Satellite Camp Hamburg-Fuhlsbüttel Retrieved March 29, 2010
Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-HolsteinOffice of Statistics for Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein, official website. Retrieved March 29, 2010
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fuhlsbuttel
Quarters of Hamburg
Neuengamme concentration camp
Hamburg-Nord