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Friedrichstadt (; da, Frederiksstad) is a town in the district of Nordfriesland, in
Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig-Holstein (; da, Slesvig-Holsten; nds, Sleswig-Holsteen; frr, Slaswik-Holstiinj) is the northernmost of the 16 states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Sch ...
, Germany. It is situated on the river
Eider Eiders () are large seaducks in the genus ''Somateria''. The three extant species all breed in the cooler latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The down feathers of eider ducks, and some other ducks and geese, are used to fill pillows and qui ...
approx. 12 km south of
Husum Husum (, frr, Hüsem) is the capital of the ''Kreis'' (district) Nordfriesland in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The town was the birthplace of the novelist Theodor Storm, who coined the epithet "the grey town by the sea". It is also the home of ...
.


History

The town was founded in 1621 by Dutch settlers. Duke Friedrich III of Holstein-Gottorp persuaded them to invest capital and knowledge in this region in turn for freedom of their
Mennonite Mennonites are groups of Anabaptism, Anabaptist Christianity, Christian church communities of denominations. The name is derived from the founder of the movement, Menno Simons (1496–1561) of Friesland. Through his writings about Reformed Chris ...
and
Remonstrant The Remonstrants (or the Remonstrant Brotherhood) is a Protestant movement that had split from the Dutch Reformed Church in the early 17th century. The early Remonstrants supported Jacobus Arminius, and after his death, continued to maintain his ...
religion (''see: Arminianism'') and opportunities to reclaim fen and marsh land in the vicinity of the town. One of them was
Johannes Narssius Johannes Narssius (9 November 1580 – 1637) was a Dutch physician and Neo-Latin poet, initially a Remonstrant minister. Life He was born Johan van Naars(s)en in Dordrecht on 9 November 1580, and studied philosophy and theology at the Universit ...
. Dutch became an official language. The town was named after Duke Frederick. By 1630, many Arminians had already returned to the Netherlands. In 1633-1637 Frederick III sent an embassy to Tsar
Michael I of Russia Michael I ( Russian: Михаил Фёдорович Романов, ''Mikhaíl Fyódorovich Románov'') () became the first Russian tsar of the House of Romanov after the Zemskiy Sobor of 1613 elected him to rule the Tsardom of Russia. He ...
and to
Shah Safi Sam Mirza ( fa, سام میرزا) (161112 May 1642), better known by his dynastic name of Shah Safi ( fa, شاه صفی), was the sixth Safavid shah (king) of Iran, ruling from 1629 to 1642. Early life Safi was given the name Sam Mirza when ...
of
Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmen ...
with a view to setting up Friedrichstadt as a European trade terminus. The delegation was led by the
jurisconsult A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyses and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal qualification in law and often a legal practitioner. In the Uni ...
Philip Crusius,
jurisconsult A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyses and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal qualification in law and often a legal practitioner. In the Uni ...
, and the merchant Otto Bruggemann or Brugman, of which their secretary - the scholar
Adam Olearius Adam Olearius (born Adam Ölschläger or Oehlschlaeger, 24 September 159922 February 1671) was a German scholar, mathematician, geographer and librarian. He became secretary to the ambassador sent by Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, t ...
- later wrote a book. However, the aim of creating a regular trading route that would not pass around Africa was not achieved, and the delegation proved fruitless. Altogether, the city of Friedrichstadt did not become as successful as anticipated. Beside the Remonstrants and Mennonites there were also other faith communities as Unitarians,
Quakers Quakers are people who belong to a historically Protestant Christian set of denominations known formally as the Religious Society of Friends. Members of these movements ("theFriends") are generally united by a belief in each human's abil ...
,
Catholics The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
and
Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites"" ...
.


Personalities


Sons and daughters of the city

*
Benjamin Calau Benjamin Calau (1724–1785) was a German portrait painter, who used an encaustic technique. Life Calau was born at Friedrichstadt in Holstein in 1724, son of the painter Christoph Calau. He trained under his father, and in 1743 followed him to ...
(1724-1785), visual artist *
Eduard Alberti Eduard Alberti (11 March 1827 – 28 February 1898) was a German literary historian and philosopher. His surviving published output includes approximately twenty biographical entries in ''Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie''. Life Eduard Christian ...
(1827-1898), literary historian *
Wilhelm Mannhardt Wilhelm Mannhardt (March 26, 1831, Friedrichstadt – December 25, 1880, Danzig) was a German mythologist and folklorist. He is known for his work on Germanic mythology, on Baltic mythology, and other pre-Christian European pantheons; and for h ...
(1831-1880), scholar and folklorist * William Thordsen (1879-1932), US Navy Medal of Honor recipient *
Norbert Masur Norbert Masur (Mazur) (13 May 1901–10 July 1971) was a representative of Sweden to the World Jewish Congress (WJC). The WJC was founded in Geneva in 1936 to unite the Jewish people and to mobilise the world against the Nazis. He aided in the ...
(1901-1971), subcontractor of the Jewish World Congress


Connected to Friedrichstadt

*
Jürgen Ovens Jürgen Ovens (1623 – 9 December 1678), also known as Georg, or Jurriaen Ovens whilst in the Netherlands, was a portrait painter and art-dealer from North Frisia and, according to Arnold Houbraken, a pupil of Rembrandt. He is best known for hi ...
(1623-1678), Rembrandt pupil and court painter of the dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf, lived here and is buried in St. Christophorus Church *
Louis Philippe I Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France. As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary War ...
(1773-1850) lived a few months in the flight from the French Revolution Place and worked under a blanket as a home teacher *
Hjalmar Schacht Hjalmar Schacht (born Horace Greeley Hjalmar Schacht; 22 January 1877 – 3 June 1970, ) was a German economist, banker, centre-right politician, and co-founder in 1918 of the German Democratic Party. He served as the Currency Commissioner ...
(1877-1970), German politician, banker, Reichsbank president and Reichswirtschaftsminister, his grandparents lived here


Images

Friedrichstadt Holländerhäuser Sleeswijk-Holstein Duitsland markt waterpomp uit 1879.jpg, Waterpump from 1879 File:Friedrichstadt straatbeeld met Hollandse huizen Holländerhäuser Sleeswijk-Holstein Duitsland.jpg, Streetview with Dutch architecture Friedrichstadt remonstrantenkirche.jpg, Remonstrant church Friedrichstadt Detail Remonstrantse Kerk Sleeswijk-Holstein Duitsland.jpg, Detail Remonstrant church Am Mittelburgwall, Friedrichstadt 2016.jpg, Streetview Friedrichstadt Mennonietenkerk te Friedrichstadt.jpg, Mennonites church Friedrichstadt Nederlandstalige grafsteen uit 1725 op het Mennonietenkerkhof.jpg, Dutch gravestone 1725 in the Mennonite cemetery File:Friedrichstadt alte synagoge.jpg, Former synagogue File:Am Mittelburgwall 32 4.jpg, House brand with the monogram of the Danish king File:Mittelburggraben3.jpg, Building used by the Unitarians


References


External links


In search of the Dutch origin of Friedrichstadt and the surrounding polderlands, including walking tourFriedrichstadt's official homepage.
Populated places established in 1621 Nordfriesland 1621 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire {{Nordfriesland-geo-stub