Fred, or FRED, was an early
chatterbot
A chatbot or chatterbot is a software application used to conduct an on-line chat conversation via text or text-to-speech, in lieu of providing direct contact with a live human agent. Designed to convincingly simulate the way a human would beha ...
written by
Robby Garner.
History
The name Fred was initially suggested by Karen Lindsey, and then Robby jokingly came up with an acronym, "Functional Response Emulation Device."
[Robitron Software Research, Inc]
"The Simon Laven Page"
''Robitron History'' Fred has also been implemented as a Java application by
Paco Nathan
Paco Nathan (born 1962) is an American computer scientist and early engineer of the World Wide Web. Nathan is also an author and performance art show producer who established much of his career in Austin, Texas.
Early life
Paco Nathan was brought ...
calle
JFRED.
Fred Chatterbot is designed to explore
Natural Language
In neuropsychology, linguistics, and philosophy of language, a natural language or ordinary language is any language that has evolved naturally in humans through use and repetition without conscious planning or premeditation. Natural languages ...
communications between people and computer programs. In particular, this is a study of conversation between people and ways that a computer program can learn from other people's conversations to make its own conversations.
[L. Caputo, R. Garner, P. Nathan]
"FRED, Milton and Barry: the evolution of intelligent agents for the Web"
Advances in intelligent systems, 1997.
''portal.acm.org''
Fred used a minimalistic "stimulus-response" approach. It worked by storing a database of statements and their responses, and made its own reply by looking up the input statements made by a user and then rendering the corresponding response from the database. This approach simplified the complexity of the rule base, but required expert coding and editing for modifications.
Fred was a predecessor to
Albert One, which Garner used in 1998 and 1999 to win the
Loebner Prize The Loebner Prize was an annual competition in artificial intelligence that awards prizes to the computer programs considered by the judges to be the most human-like. The prize is reported as defunct since 2020. The format of the competition was tha ...
.
[Søren Gjellerup Christianse]
"Techniques applied to pass the Turing Test"
''Master's Thesis''
See also
*
Albert One
*
Conditioning Conditioning may refer to:
Science, computing, and technology
* Air conditioning, the removal of heat from indoor air for thermal comfort
** Automobile air conditioning, air conditioning in a vehicle
** Ice storage air conditioning, air condition ...
*
Robby Garner
References
External links
Download Fred''simonlaven.com''
JFRED''mac.com''
Turing Hub testing''turinghub.com''
Chatbot Guide
{{ling-stub
Chatbots