Flavonolignans are natural phenols composed of a part

flavonoid Flavonoids (or bioflavonoids; from the Latin word ''flavus'', meaning yellow, their color in nature) are a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites found in plants, and thus commonly consumed in the diets of humans. Chemically, flavonoids ...

and a part phenylpropane.

Examples

Flavonolignans identified in ''

Silybum marianum ''Silybum marianum'' is a species of thistle. It has various common names including milk thistle, blessed milkthistle, Marian thistle, Mary thistle, Saint Mary's thistle, Mediterranean milk thistle, variegated thistle and Scotch thistle (thou ...

'' (milk thistle) silymarin complex include

silibinin Silibinin (INN), also known as silybin (both from ''Silybum'', the generic name of the plant from which it is extracted), is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds, containing a mixture of fl ...

, silychristin, silydianin, dehydrosilybin, deoxysilycistin, deoxysilydianin, silandrin, silybinome, silyhermin and neosilyhermin and can be produced in vitro.

Silibinin Silibinin (INN), also known as silybin (both from ''Silybum'', the generic name of the plant from which it is extracted), is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds, containing a mixture of fl ...

is found in the roots of S. marianum while silyamandin can be found in the fruit. Hydnocarpin can be found naturally in '' Onopordon corymbosum'' and can be synthesised. Scutellaprostin A, B, C, D, E and F can be isolated from '' Scutellaria prostrata'' and can also be synthesized. Hydnowightin can be isolated from '' Hydnocarpus wightiana'' seeds. Three flavonolignans derived from the flavone

tricin Tricin is a chemical compound. It is an O-methylated flavone, a type of flavonoid. It can be found in rice bran and sugarcane. Glycosides * Tricin 4'-glucoside (Tricin-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranaoside, CAS number 71855-50-0) * Tricin 5-glucoside ...

have been isolated from the herb '' Avena sativa''. Palstatin has been isolated from the Amazon tree '' Hymeneae palustris''. Salcolin A and salcolin B can be found in '' Salsola collina''. Rhodiolin, the product of the oxidative coupling of

coniferyl alcohol Coniferyl alcohol is an organic compound with the formula HO(CH3O)C6H3CH=CHCH2OH. A colourless or white solid, it is one of the monolignols, produced via the phenylpropanoid biochemical pathway. When copolymerized with related aromatic compounds, ...

with the 7,8-dihydroxy grouping of the flavonol herbacetin, can be found in the rhizome of ''

Rhodiola rosea ''Rhodiola rosea'' (commonly golden root, rose root, roseroot, Aaron's rod, Arctic root, king's crown, ''lignum rhodium'', orpin rose) is a perennial flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae. It grows naturally in wild Arctic regions of Europe ...

''.

Glycosides

The flavonolignans tricin 4'-O-(erythro-beta-guaiacylglyceryl) ether and tricin 4'-O-(threo-beta-guaiacylglyceryl) ether can be isolated together with their 7-O-glucosides in the leaves of ''

Hyparrhenia hirta ''Hyparrhenia hirta'' is a species of grass known by the common names common thatching grass and Coolatai grass. It is native to much of Africa and Eurasia, and it is known on other continents as an introduced species. In eastern Australia it is ...

Research

A 2022 research has concluded that flavonolignans "reduce the virulence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains".

References

External links

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