{{Infobox military conflict , conflict = 1st Kazakh Civil War , partof = , image = , caption = Confrontation between Khans , date = 1522 – 1538 , place =

Kazakh Khanate The Kazakh Khanate ( kk, Қазақ Хандығы, , ), in eastern sources known as Ulus of the Kazakhs, Ulus of Jochi, Yurt of Urus, was a Kazakh state in Central Asia, successor of the Golden Horde existing from the 15th to 19th century, ...

, result = Victory for

Haqnazar Khan Haqnazar Haider Sultan bin Qasim Khan ( kk, حقنظر حيدر سلطان بن قاسم خان), commonly known as Haqnazar Khan, was the khan of the Kazakh khanate from 1538-1580. He was the second-oldest son of Qasim Khan and the younger br ...

* Unity of the

, combatant1=

Tahir Khan Mohammad Tahir Khan (born 9 January 1981, Karachi, Sindh) is a Pakistani first-class cricket First-class cricket, along with List A cricket and Twenty20 cricket, is one of the highest-standard forms of cricket. A first-class match is one o ...

Tugim Khan (Until 1538)
Supported by:

, combatant2= Ahmed Khan Buydash Khan The 1st Kazakh Civil War (1522 – 1538) was an internecine war in the

between the descendants of

Janibek Khan Abū Saʿīd Janibek Bahadur Khan bin Barak Sultan (, , ), otherwise known by his shortened regal name Janibek Khan, was a co-founder and second Khan of the Kazakh Khanate from 1473 to 1480. He was a son of Barak, Khan of the Golden Horde from 14 ...

. The war started just after the death of

Qasim Khan Qasím Khan (or ''Qasim of Kasimov'') (died 1469) was the first khan of the Tatar Qasim Khanate, from 1452 to his death in 1469. He was the son of Kazan khan Oluğ Möxämmäd. He participated in the battles of Belyov in 1437 and of Suzdal in ...

Background

In the early 16th Century Qasim Khan had united all tribes and nations of Eastern Cumania into one state — the Kazakh Khanate. It was a regional superpower, which could withstand a war with any neighboring country. However the unity of the khanate relied on Qasim Khan's personal authority, and after his death an internecine war started between descendants of Janibek Khan for the throne. This war named after civil war between Janibek's descendants.

History

Qasim Khan's heir, Muhammed Khan, was unable to resist the

Nogai Horde The Nogai Horde was a confederation founded by the Nogais that occupied the Pontic–Caspian steppe from about 1500 until they were pushed west by the Kalmyks and south by the Russians in the 17th century. The Mongol tribe called the Manghuds cons ...

, which conquered the Torgay River basin. After Muhammed Khan's death, during the reign of

, the Oirat invasion of the Kazakh Khanate began.

failed to suppress powerful sultans of the Kazakh Khanate, such as the ruler of Zhetysu, Buydash Khan, and the ruler of Sighnaq, Ahmed Khan. Tahir Khan was defeated by the ruler of

Moghulistan Moghulistan (from fa, , ''Moghulestân'', mn, Моголистан), also called the Moghul Khanate or the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (), was a Mongol breakaway khanate of the Chagatai Khanate and a historical geographic area north of the Teng ...

, Keldi-Muhammad, and fled to

Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan,, pronounced or the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and the People's Republic of China to the east. ...

, where he died. Then, Tughum Khan became the new ruler of Kazakh lands. But his government was not recognized by Buydash Khan or Ahmed Khan, who both declared themselves as khan. The son of Qasim Khan, Sultan Haqnazar, recognized Tugim as khan. Ahmed began a campaign against the Nogai horde. Ultimately, he was defeated by the Nogais and was captured by them with fifteen of his sons. In 1535, Ahmed was killed by Orak Baghatur. Sultan Haqnazar captured Ahmed's territories. The western border of the Khanate passed through the

Aral Sea The Aral Sea ( ; kk, Арал теңізі, Aral teñızı; uz, Орол денгизи, Orol dengizi; kaa, Арал теңизи, Aral teńizi; russian: Аральское море, Aral'skoye more) was an endorheic basin, endorheic lake lyi ...

. Sultan Haqnazar inflicted a crushing defeat on Buydash Khan, who fled to Moghulistan. Haqnazar got the western part of Zhetysu. In 1538, after the death of Tugim Khan, Haqnazar became khan and the civil war ended in his victory.

Results

The Kazakh Khanate reached inner unity. Nevertheless it had lost nearly half of their territory - Western Kazakhstan was captured by the Nogai Horde, Eastern Kazakhstan by Four Oirat, Northern - by the Khanate of Sibir, Moghulistan obtained Western Zhetusy whilst the Khanate of Bukhara got

Tashkent Tashkent (, uz, Toshkent, Тошкент/, ) (from russian: Ташкент), or Toshkent (; ), also historically known as Chach is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan. It is the most populous city in Central Asia, with a population of ...

. Only during and after the reign of Haq-Nazar were the Kazakhs able to re-consolidate all of Kazakhstan.

External links

National Historical Encyclopedia
Kazakh Khanate Wars involving Kazakhstan Military history of Kazakhstan