''Final Solution'' is a 2004 documentary film directed by

Rakesh Sharma Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, AC (born 13 January 1949) is a former Indian Air Force pilot who flew aboard Soyuz T-11 on 3 April 1984 as part of the Soviet Interkosmos programme. He is the only Indian citizen to travel in space, although ...

concerning the

2002 Gujarat riots The 2002 Gujarat riots, also known as the 2002 Gujarat violence, was a three-day period of inter-communal violence in the western Indian state of Gujarat. The burning of a train in Godhra on 27 February 2002, which caused the deaths of 58 Hin ...

in the state of

Gujarat Gujarat (, ) is a state along the western coast of India. Its coastline of about is the longest in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is the fifth-largest Indian state by area, covering some ; and the ninth ...

in which 254 Hindus and 790 Muslims were killed. Hindu right wing organizations were supposedly blamed for these riots, who claimed that their actions were in fact a "spontaneous response" to the massacre of 70 Hindu Pilgrims in

Godhra Train Burning The Godhra train burning occurred on the morning of 27 February 2002, in which 59 Hindu pilgrims and '' karsevaks'' returning from Ayodhya were killed in a fire inside the Sabarmati Express train near the Godhra railway station in the Indian ...

incident by a Muslim mob on 27 February 2002. But as the film proceeds with victims continuing to come forward and share their experiences, a more unsettling possibility seems to emerge- that far from being a spontaneous expression of outrage. The makers of the film claim that the violence had been carefully coordinated and planned. An official estimate states that 254 Hindus and 790 Muslims were killed during the riots, with 223 more missing. The documentary consists mostly of interviews, with both Muslims and Hindus, of multiple generations, and both sexes, with different views regarding the causes, justifications and the actual events of the violence that occurred, as well as their prospects for the future.

Synopsis

Part 1: Pride and Genocide deals with the carnage and its immediate aftermath. It examines the patterns of pre-planned genocidal violence (by right-wing Hindutva cadres), which many claim was state-supported, if not state-sponsored. The film reconstructs through eyewitness accounts the attack on Gulbarg and Patiya (Ahmedabad) and acts of barbaric violence against Muslim women at Eral and Delol/Kalol (Panchmahals) even as Chief Minister Modi traverses the state on his Gaurav Yatra Part 2 : The Hate Mandate documents the poll campaign during the Assembly elections in Gujarat in late 2002. It records in detail the exploitation of the Godhra incident by the right-wing propaganda machinery for electoral gains. The film studies and documents the situation months after the elections to find shocking faultlines – voluntary ghettoisation, segregation in schools, formal calls for economic boycott of Muslims and continuing acts of violence.

Screenings and censoring

The movie was initially banned in India in 2004 for alleged fears that massive communalism and radicalism would be ignited by the film. The Censor Board's ruling itself was a violation of the Indian Supreme Court rulings on this specific issue. ''Final Solution'' was banned in India by the Censor Board for several months. The ban was lifted in Oct.'04 after a sustained campaign (an online petition, hundreds of protest screenings countrywide, multi-city signature campaigns and dozens of letters to the Government sent by audiences directly). A Pirate-and-Circulate campaign was conducted in protest against the ban (Get-a-free-copy-only-if-you-promise-to-pirate-and-make-5-copies). Over 10,000 free Video CDs of the film were distributed in India during this campaign, which ended in Dec. 2004. Final Solution was offered free to

Anhad ANHAD (Act Now for Harmony and Democracy) is an Indian socio-cultural organization established in March 2003, as a response to 2002 Gujarat riots. Social activist Shabnam Hashmi, sister of the slain activist Safdar Hashmi and founder of SAHMA ...

for their campaigns; it was included in their anthology titled "In defence of our dreams". Subscribers of several journals/mags also got a copy of the film free of cost. These included

Communalism Combat ''Communalism Combat'' is a monthly magazine published by Sabrang Communications since August 1993. The magazine is edited by husband wife team of Javed Anand and Teesta Setalvad. History Javed Anand and Teesta Setalvad left their jobs as Bombay ...

(Ed :

Teesta Setalvad Teesta Setalvad (born 9 February 1962) is an Indian civil rights activist and journalist. She is the secretary of ''Citizens for Justice and Peace'' (CJP), an organisation formed to advocate for the victims of 2002 Gujarat riots. Personal life ...

and

Javed Anand Javed Anand (born ca. 1950) is an Indian journalist and civil rights activist who founded the Mumbai-based Sabrang Communications in 1993. He is married to Teesta Setalvad and they co-edit the monthly ''Communalism Combat''. Early years Javed ...

), Samayik Varta (Ed : Yogendra Yadav), Janmat and several smaller journals. ''Final Solution'' was rejected by the government-run Mumbai International Film Festival, but was screened at 'Vikalp: Films for Freedom', organised by the Campaign Against Censorship. Rakesh Sharma has been an active member of the Campaign since its inception. A pilot movement to copy-and-redistribute the movie was held, briefly to protest the censoring of the movie screenings. The film has been screened on BBC, NHK, DR2, YLE and several other channels. It is yet to be shown on Indian television.

Awards for ''Final Solution''

National Film Award – Special Jury Award (non-feature film) National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, ce ...

in 2005 *Wolfgang Staudte award (now rechristened the Golden Bear for Best Debut), Berlinale *Special Jury Award (Netpac), Berlin International film festival *Humanitarian Award for Outstanding Documentary, HongKong International film festival *Montgolfiere d’Or (Best Documentary) & Le Prix Fip/Pil’ du Public, Festival des 3 Continents at Nantes (France) *Best Documentary, Apsara Awards (Indian Film industry awards) *Best Film, Freedom of Expression awards by Index on Censorship (UK) *Silver Dhow, Zanzibar International film festival *Human Rights Award, Docupolis (Barcelona) *Special Jury Award, Mar Del Plata Independent film festival (Argentina) *Special Jury Awards, Karafest (Karachi), Worldfest (Houston) and Film South Asia (Kathmandu) *Special Jury Mentions, Munich Dokfest and Bangkok International filmfest *Nominee, Best Foreign Film, Grierson Awards (UK) *Special Award by NRIs for a Secular and Harmonious India (NRI-SAHI), NY-NJ, USA *Special Award by AFMI, USA-Canada

References

Sources

* * * * * * * * * * * * * *https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/final-solution-rejected-censor-board-certificate/240479 *https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/indian-entry-final-solutions-bags-two-awards-at-berlin/202079 *http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cujsas/Volume%20I/John%20Fischer%20-%20Oppression2.pdf

External links