Fernando Martínez Heredia
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Fernando Ramón Martínez Heredia (21 January 1939 – 12 June 2017) was a prominent
Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
n revolutionary thinker and politician. Martínez was a founding member of the
Cuban Communist Party The Communist Party of Cuba ( es, Partido Comunista de Cuba, PCC) is the sole ruling party of Cuba. It was founded on 3 October 1965 as the successor to the United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution, which was in turn made up of the 26t ...
, and as a member of the July 26 Movement, he took part in the
Revolution In political science, a revolution (Latin: ''revolutio'', "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due ...
which overthrow the
Batista Batista is a Spanish language, Spanish or Portuguese language, Portuguese surname. Notable persons with the name include: * Batista (footballer, born 1955), Brazilian football player * Dave Bautista, American actor and professional wrestler, also ...
dictatorship. After the Revolution, Martínez wrote many books and worked as head of the Philosophy Department at
Havana University The University of Havana or (UH, ''Universidad de La Habana'') is a university located in the Vedado district of Havana, the capital of the Republic of Cuba. Founded on January 5, 1728, the university is the oldest in Cuba, and one of the first ...
. Titular Academician of the
Cuban Academy of Sciences The Cuban Academy of Sciences (''Academia de Ciencias de Cuba'') is an official institution of the Cuban state, with headquarters in the National Capitol building in Havana. It is described as the oldest active national academy of sciences outside ...
. Doctor in Law, Full Professor at the
Havana University The University of Havana or (UH, ''Universidad de La Habana'') is a university located in the Vedado district of Havana, the capital of the Republic of Cuba. Founded on January 5, 1728, the university is the oldest in Cuba, and one of the first ...
, Senior Researcher. Specialist in
Social Sciences Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of soci ...
, essayist and historian.


Biography


Life and career

He was born on 21 January 1939 in
Yaguajay Yaguajay () is a municipality and town in the Sancti Spíritus Province of Cuba. It is located in the northern part of the province, and borders the Bay of Buena Vista to the north. The Caguanes National Park (protecting swamp and coastal ecosyst ...
,
Las Villas Las Villas is a natural region and ''comarca'' in Andalusia, southern Spain. It is located in the mountainous area at the eastern end of Jaén Province. The main town is Villacarrillo. Together with the Sierra de Cazorla and Sierra de Segura ...
,
Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
. His career as an educator began in the early years of the
Revolution In political science, a revolution (Latin: ''revolutio'', "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due ...
when he graduated as a teacher of the basic secondary school of Plan Fidel, teaching social sciences at the Lazo de la Vega School. Later as Professor of
Philosophy Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some ...
at the
University of Havana The University of Havana or (UH, ''Universidad de La Habana'') is a university located in the Vedado district of Havana, the capital of the Republic of Cuba. Founded on January 5, 1728, the university is the oldest in Cuba, and one of the first ...
and director of its Department of Philosophy, from where he directed the magazine Pensamiento Crítico until its disappearance. At the end of the 1960s, he participated as a member of the group that prepared the "plan for the universalization of teaching and access to higher education", and was also part of the group that was in charge of research on
Higher Education Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completi ...
. As a professor of postgraduate education, he gave courses and lectures on social issues in various institutions in the country and in nineteen other countries, in which he worked as a visiting professor or researcher. A permanent researcher of the Cuban and
Latin American Latin Americans ( es, Latinoamericanos; pt, Latino-americanos; ) are the citizens of Latin American countries (or people with cultural, ancestral or national origins in Latin America). Latin American countries and their diasporas are multi-eth ...
reality, he participated in social research at the
University of Havana The University of Havana or (UH, ''Universidad de La Habana'') is a university located in the Vedado district of Havana, the capital of the Republic of Cuba. Founded on January 5, 1728, the university is the oldest in Cuba, and one of the first ...
, the Center for Western European Studies, the Center for American Studies and the Center for Interdisciplinary Humanities Research and the
National Autonomous University of Mexico The National Autonomous University of Mexico ( es, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM) is a public research university in Mexico. It is consistently ranked as one of the best universities in Latin America, where it's also the bigges ...
. He was a scientific collaborator of the Program of the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences in Cuba; member of the "
Ernesto Che Guevara Ernesto Che Guevara (; 14 June 1928The date of birth recorded on /upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Ernesto_Guevara_Acta_de_Nacimiento.jpg his birth certificatewas 14 June 1928, although one tertiary source, (Julia Constenla, quoted ...
" Professorship and of the Problems of the Current World Seminar of the Institute of Economic Research of the
National Autonomous University of Mexico The National Autonomous University of Mexico ( es, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM) is a public research university in Mexico. It is consistently ranked as one of the best universities in Latin America, where it's also the bigges ...
. He worked at the
Juan Marinello Juan Marinello Vidaurreta (2 November 1898 – 27 March 1977) was a Cuban Communist intellectual, writer, poet essayist, lawyer and politician. He was one of the most prominent Cuban intellectual figures of the interwar period and post revolutiona ...
Cuban Institute for Cultural Research and chaired the "
Antonio Gramsci Antonio Francesco Gramsci ( , , ; 22 January 1891 – 27 April 1937) was an Italian Marxist philosopher, journalist, linguist, writer, and politician. He wrote on philosophy, political theory, sociology, history, and linguistics. He was a ...
" cathedra of studies.


Death

He died 12 June 2017 in Havana at the age of 78.


Publications

With his criteria, he extraordinarily enriched the educational dialogue that characterized his interventions and publications, which in the order of more than two hundred articles and essays appear in specialized magazines in Cuba and abroad. His investigative results also fed the texts that he edited as author or the more than ten books where he appears as co-author, among the latest titles are: "Socialismo liberación y democracia"; "La revolución cubana del 30" and "El ejercicio de pensar". Active Bibliography * La educación superior cubana. Autor principal, Ministerio de Educación, La Habana, 1972. * Los gobiernos de Europa capitalista. Centro de Estudios sobre Europa Occidental, La Habana, 1977. * Desafíos del socialismo cubano. Editorial Mestiza, México DF, 1988, Centro de Estudios sobre América, La Habana, 1988, Dialéctica, Buenos Aires, 1989 y con el título Cuba a treinta años del socialismo, Ediciones TAE, Montevideo, 1989. * Che, el socialismo y el comunismo. Casa de las Américas, La Habana, 1989. Con el título El Che y el socialismo, Editorial Nuestro Tiempo, México DF, 1989 y Dialéctica, Buenos Aires, 1992. * El mes más crudo de la siembra. Ensayos sobre historia de Nicaragua. Editora Política, La Habana, 1990, inédito. * En el horno de los 90. Ediciones Barbarroja, Buenos Aires, 1999. * Repenser le socialisme y Repensar el socialismo (ediciones en francés y en español), Editorial CIDIHCA, Montreal, 2001. * El corrimiento hacia el rojo. Editorial Letras Cubanas, La Habana, 2002 y 2003. * En el horno de los noventa. Edición 2005. Editorial Ciencias Sociales, La Habana, 2005, y con el título Socialismo, liberación y democracia. Ocean Sur/Ocean Press, Melbourne, 2006. * La Revolución cubana del 30. Ensayos (1ra edición) Coedición con Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, La Habana, Cuba, 2007. * El ejercicio de pensar (1ra edición) Coedición con Instituto Cubano de Investigación Cultural Juan Marinello, La Habana, Cuba, 2008. * Andando en la historia. Coedición con Instituto Cubano de Investigación Cultural Juan Marinello, La Habana, Cuba, 2009. * Autocríticas: un diálogo al interior de la tradición socialista. (Ruth Cuadernos de Pensamiento Crítico No. 1) Coedición con Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, La Habana, Cuba, 2009. * A Viva Voz, Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, La Habana, 2010. * El ejercicio de pensar (2da edición) Coedición con Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, La Habana, Cuba, 2010. * El ejercicio de pensar (3ra edición). Coedición con Fundación Editorial el Perro y la Rana, Ministerio de Cultura, Caracas, Venezuela, 2010. * Si breve…, Editorial Letras Cubanas, La Habana, 2010. * Las ideas y la batalla del Che. Ruth Casa Editorial, 2010; Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, La Habana, 2012. * A la mitad del camino. Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, La Habana, 2016. * "La alternativa cubana", 2001. He is co-author of the books: * Lecturas de Filosofía, Universidad de La Habana, 1966. * Lecturas de Filosofía, Instituto del Libro, La Habana, 1968, 2 ts. (contenido diferente). * Los obreros hacen y escriben su historia, Ciencias Sociales, La Habana, 1975. * Pensar al Che, CEA/Editorial José Martí, 1989-1992, 2 ts. * Guevara para hoy, Erre emme Editori / Univ. Matanzas / CEA, La Habana, 1994. * Attualitá del Che, Teti Editori/Editorial José Martí, 1997. * Los caminos del Che, Dirple Ediciones, Buenos Aires, 1998. * Che, il sovversivo, Data News, Roma, 1998. * Laberintos de la utopía, Ediciones De mano en mano, Buenos Aires, 1999. * Caminos de nuestra América, entrevistas realizadas por Andrés Cañas, Ediciones del Pensamiento Nacional, Buenos Aires, 1999. * Oito visòes da América Latina, Organizador: Adauto Novaes, Editora Senac, Sao Paulo, 2006. * La política cultural de la Revolución Cubana. Memoria y Reflexión. Centro Teórico-Cultural Criterios, La Habana, 2008. He is the author of the articles (selection): * "Necesitamos un pensamiento crítico", 2000. * "La guerra de España revisitada", 1996. * "¿Manifiestos?, ¿comunistas?", 1998. * "Transición socialista y cultura: problemas actuales", 1990. * "Anticapitalismo y problemas de la hegemonía", 1997. * "Imperialismo, guerra y resistencia", 2003. * "La alternativa cubana", 2001. * "Ciencias sociales y ediciones", 2014. * "Izquierda y marxismo en Cuba". * "La filosofía en Cuba". * "La fuerza del pueblo". * "Imperialismo, guerra y resistencia". He has numerous essays not included in books. Among those prior to 1996 are: * "El ejercicio de pensar" (1967). * "Colonialismo y cultura nacional" (1968); * "Marx y el origen del marxismo" (1970). * "Causas del ausentismo en el Central “Guiteras”" (1970). * "Universidad y capitalismo neocolonial: el caso brasileño" (1972). * "La teoría social de Carlos Marx" (1973, inédito). * "Del “Punta Alegre” al “Máximo Gómez”" (1975). * "El capitalismo europeo actual" (1977). * "La ley 3 de la Sierra Maestra y la política agraria del Ejército Rebelde" (1978). * "Neocolonialismo e imperialismo. Las relaciones neocoloniales de Europa en África" (1979). * "La agricultura y la alimentación en el Tercer Mundo" (inédito, 1985). * "La revolución agraria en la revolución cubana" (inédito, 1985). * "Cristianismo y liberación. ¿Una revolución en el cristianismo?" (1986). * "Experiencias de la toma revolucionaria del poder en Cuba" (1987). * "El socialismo cubano: perspectivas y desafíos" (1990). * "Pensar desde los movimientos populares" (1991). * "Democracia, reformismo y revolución" (1992). * "Dominación capitalista y proyectos populares en América Latina" (1993). * "El socialismo en la actualidad: una visión cubana" (1993). * "La viabilidad del socialismo en Cuba" (1993). * "Problemas y perspectivas del pensamiento y las ciencias sociales" (1995). Acknowledgments He received numerous recognitions and decorations, but we will only highlight: * Distinción "Por la Educación cubana". * Distinción por la Cultura Nacional. * Premio Ensayo de Casa de las Américas. * Premio Nacional de Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas 2006. * Premio Nacional de Investigación Cultural 2015 Regarding the National Prize for Cultural Investigation received, he expressed in an interview with the journalist Lisdanys Alfonso Rivas: "“ ...I continue to give my lectures one after the other... I can't stop working. In fact, this award is a challenge, an invitation to keep going, to keep improving. You must dedicate your time to what you do and what you know is useful, and sacrifice yourself if you are truly committed to the world you live in and the society that formed you...” " Fernando Martínez Heredia


References

1939 births 2017 deaths Cuban revolutionaries Cuban soldiers People from Yaguajay Communist Party of Cuba politicians People of the Cuban Revolution {{cuba-politician-stub