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Felix Philipp Kanitz ( he, פליקס פיליפ קאניץ. 2 August 1829 – 8 January 1904) was an
Austro-Hungarian Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1 ...
naturalist,
geographer A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts. The Greek prefix "geo" means "earth" a ...
,
ethnographer Ethnography (from Greek ''ethnos'' "folk, people, nation" and ''grapho'' "I write") is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures. Ethnography explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject o ...
,
archaeologist Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landsca ...
,
painter Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or "support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and ...
and author of travel notes, of
Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
heritage.


Biography

Kanitz was born in Pest to a rich
Jew Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""T ...
ish family and enrolled in art in the
University of Vienna The University of Vienna (german: Universität Wien) is a public research university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world. With its long and rich hi ...
in 1846, at the age of seventeen.
He travelled extensively after 1850, visiting
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwee ...
,
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
,
Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to ...
and
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
. He settled in
Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...
in 1856 and undertook a journey to
Dalmatia Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see names in other languages) is one of the four historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of the Adriatic Sea, str ...
in the
Balkans The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...
in 1858, which marked the beginning of his thorough research of the
South Slavs South Slavs are Slavic peoples who speak South Slavic languages and inhabit a contiguous region of Southeast Europe comprising the eastern Alps and the Balkan Peninsula. Geographically separated from the West Slavs and East Slavs by Austri ...
. Apart from Dalmatia, he also visited
Herzegovina Herzegovina ( or ; sh-Latn-Cyrl, Hercegovina, separator=" / ", Херцеговина, ) is the southern and smaller of two main geographical region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being Bosnia. It has never had strictly defined geogra ...
,
Bosnia Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and Pars pro toto#Geography, often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of Southern Europe, south and southeast Euro ...
,
Kingdom of Montenegro The Kingdom of Montenegro ( sr, Краљевина Црна Горa, Kraljevina Crna Gora) was a monarchy in southeastern Europe, present-day Montenegro, during the tumultuous period of time on the Balkan Peninsula leading up to and during World ...
,
Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia ( Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hu ...
and
Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...
. He worked on the topic until 1889, the knowledge he gathered being evaluated as particularly important for the period. A good painter and drawer, Kanitz was also the author of a number of black and white drawings related to the life in the Balkans. Born a Jew, he later converted to
Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global popula ...
. Between 1870 and 1874 he was the first custodian of the Anthropologisch-Urgeschichtliches Museum in Vienna. He died in the Austrian capital on 8 January 1904. Kanitz is regarded as one of the first profound ethnographers of the South Slavs. As such, he has earned great respect particularly in modern Serbia and Bulgaria.
Kanitz was members of the
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( la, Academia Scientiarum et Artium Serbica, sr-Cyr, Српска академија наука и уметности, САНУ, Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, SANU) is a national academy and the ...
.


Honours

*
Order of Franz Joseph The Imperial Austrian Order of Franz Joseph (german: Kaiserlich-Österreichischer Franz-Joseph-Orden) was founded by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria on 2 December 1849, on the first anniversary of his accession to the imperial throne. Classes ...
*
Order of the Cross of Takovo The Order of the Cross of Takovo was a Serbian state order. History It was instituted in the Principality of Serbia in 1865 to mark the 50th anniversary of the Second Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire, which had started in Takovo, Serbi ...
*
Order of St. Sava The Royal Order of St. Sava is an Order of merit, first awarded by the Kingdom of Serbia in 1883 and later by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It was awarded to nationals and foreigners for meritorious ach ...
*
Royal Saxon Academy of Forestry The Royal Saxon Academy of Forestry ( German: ''Königliche-Sächsische Forstakademie'') in Tharandt, Saxony, near Dresden, was founded by silviculturist Heinrich Cotta in 1811. Established in conjunction with the school, and later integrated w ...
*Member
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( la, Academia Scientiarum et Artium Serbica, sr-Cyr, Српска академија наука и уметности, САНУ, Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, SANU) is a national academy and the ...
* A village in Vidin Province in northwestern Bulgaria and streets in
Sofia Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and h ...
and Varna are named after him. * Kanitz Nunatak on
Graham Land Graham Land is the portion of the Antarctic Peninsula that lies north of a line joining Cape Jeremy and Cape Agassiz. This description of Graham Land is consistent with the 1964 agreement between the British Antarctic Place-names Committee an ...
in
Antarctica Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest cont ...
is named after Felix Kanitz.


Works


Monograpy

* 1861: ''Die römischen Funde in Serbien''. k.k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien
Google
* 1862: ''Serbiens byzantinische Monumente''. k.k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien
ETH Zürich
* 1864: ''Über alt- und neuserbische Kirchenbaukunst. Ein Beitrag zur Kunstgeschichte.'' Wien: k.k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei
Google
* 1868: ''Reise in Süd-Serbien und Nord-Bulgarien. Ausgeführt im Jahre 1864''. Wien: kaiserlich-königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei
Google
* 1868: ''Serbien. Historisch-ethnographische Reisestudien aus den Jahren 1859–1868.'' Leipzig: Hermann Fries
Google
* 1870: ''Katechismus der Ornamentik oder Leitfaden über die Geschichte, Entwickelung und die charakteristischen Formen der bedeutendsten Ornamentstyle aller Zeiten.'' Leipzig: J.J. Weber ** druhé upravené vydání Auflage 1877 udT ''Katechismus der Ornamentik oder Leitfaden über die Geschichte, Entwickelung und die charakteristischen Formen der bedeutendsten Verzierungsstyle aller Zeiten''.
Google
** čtvrté vydání 1891 * 1875–1879: ''Donau-Bulgarien und der Balkan.'' 3 svazky. Leipzig: Hermann Fries ** Band I: ''Historisch-geographisch-ethnographische Reisestudien aus den Jahren 1860–1875'' (1875)
Google

Internet Archive
,

** Band II: ''Historisch-geographisch-ethnographische Reisestudien aus den Jahren 1860–1876'' (1877) (https://books.google.de/books?id=LjbZCVE91M0C Google]) ** Band III: ''Historisch-geographisch-ethnographische Reisestudien aus den Jahren 1860–1878'' (1879),
Internet Archive
,

*** 1879–1880: ''Donau-Bulgarien und der Balkan. Historisch-geographisch-ethnographische Reisestudien aus den Jahren 1860–1879''; druhé přepracované vydání. 3 svazky. Hermann Fries, Leipzig (Band I/II: 1879, Band III: 1880) *** 1882: ''Donau-Bulgarien und der Balkan. Historisch-geographisch-ethnographische Reisestudien aus den Jahren 1860–1879''; druhé přepracované vydání. 3 svazky. Renger, Leipzig (Band I/I
Internet Archive
, (Band II
Internet Archive
dotisk druhého vydání, Leipzig.Práva ke Kanitzově knize přešla po Friesově smrti nak Rengersche Buchhandlung. Vydání z roku 1882, nyní vydané společností Renger, a za výrazně levnější prodejní cenu než vydání Friesovo, mimo jiné neochotně „schválil“ i Kanitz, protože neměl prostředky, jak proti tomu úspěšně zakročit. *** francouzské vydání v jednom svazku 1882: ''La Bulgarie Danubienne et le Balkan. Études de voyage (1860–1880)''. Hachette et Cie., Paris
Internet Archive
* 1892: ''Römische Studien in Serbien: Der Donau-Grenzwall, das Strassennetz, die Städte, Castelle, Denkmale, Thermen und Bergwerke zur Römerzeit im Königreiche Serbien.'' F. Tempsky, Wien * 1904–1914 (posmrtně): ''Das Königreich Serbien und das Serbenvolk von der Römerzeit bis zur Gegenwart.'' 3 svazky. Leipzig: Bernhard Meyer ** Band I (1904): ''Land und Bevölkerung''
Internet Archive
** Band II (sebráno a doplněno Bogoljubem Jovanovićem, 1909): ''Land und Bevölkerung''
Internet Archive
** Band III (sebráno a doplněno Bogoljubem Jovanovićem, 1914): ''Staat und Gesellschaft''
Internet Archive


Essays

* 1862: ''Von Belgrad nach Salonik''. In: ''Illustrirte Zeitung'' (Leipzig), 38, Nr. 973 (22. Februar 1862), S. 122. * 1865: ''Ein Tag in türkischer Gefangenschaft. Reiseskizze''. In: ''Slavische Blätter, Illustrirte Zeitschrift für die Gesammtinteressen des Slaventhums'' 1, Fasz. 4 (1865), S. 185–194. * 1872: ''Das Völker-Kaleidoskop am Lomflusse in Westbulgarien''. In: ''Globus. Illustrirte Zeitschrift für Länder- und Völkerkunde'' 21, Nr. 3 (Januar 1872), S. 41 f. * 1873: ''Reise im bulgarischen Donau-, Timok- und Sveti Nikola-Balkan-Gebiet''. In: ''Mittheilungen der k.k. geographischen Gesellschaft in Wien'' 1872, Band 15 (Neue Serie 5) (1873), S. 61–72, 105–112. * 1873: ''Reiseskizzen aus Bulgarien''. In: ''Illustrirte Zeitung'' 60, Nr. 1549 (8. März 1873), S. 172–174. * 1876: ''Mythe und Wirklichkeit auf dem höchsten Balkanpasse''. In: ''Neue Freie Presse'' (Wien), Nr. 4087 Morgenausgabe (12. Januar 1876), S. 1 f. * 1876: ''Die Messe zu Eski-Džumaja''. In: ''Oesterreichische Monatsschrift für den Orient'' 2, Nr. 3 (März 1876), S. 33 f. * 1877: ''Der Balkanpass von Elena''. In: ''Mittheilungen der kais. und kön. geographischen Gesellschaft in Wien'' 20 (Neue Serie 10) (1877), S. 537–543. * 1880: ''Geistige und materielle Verhältnisse zu Sofia''. In: ''Oesterreichische Monatsschrift für den Orient'' 6, Nr. 3 (März 1880), S. 41–46. * 1880: ''Der Pontushafen Varna im Mai 1880''. In: ''Oesterreichische Monatsschrift für den Orient'' 6, Nr. 6 (Juni 1880), S. 93–98.


Works

* 1861: ''Die römischen Funde in Serbien'' (''The Roman Finds in Serbia''). Vienna. * 1862: ''Serbiens byzantinische Monumente'' (''The Byzantine Monuments of Serbia''). Vienna. * 1863: ''Beiträge zur Kartographie des Fürstenthums Serbien, gesammelt auf seinen Reisen in denJahren'' 1859-61. Wien. * 1868: ''Reise in Südserbien und Nordbulgarien'' (''A Journey to South Serbia and North Bulgaria''). Vienna. * 1868: ''Serbien — historisch-ethnographische Reisestudien'' (''Serbia — Ethnographic and Historical Travel Studies''). Leipzig. * 1868: ''Reise in Südserbien und Nordbulgarien.'' * 1877: ''Katechismus der Ornamentik'' (''Catechism of the Decoration''). Leipzig. * 1882: ''Donau-Bulgarien und der Balkan'' (''Danubian Bulgaria and the Balkans''). Three volumes. Leipzig. * 1889: ''Die prähistorischen Funde in Serbien bis 1889. Aeltere und neuere Grabdenkmalformen im Königreich Serbien.'' * 1892: ''Römische Studien in Serbien. Der Donau-Grenzwall, das Strassennetz, die Städte, Castelle, Denkmale, Thermen und Bergwerke zur Römerzeit im Königr.'' Serbien. * 1892: ''Römische Studien in Serbien'' (''Roman Studies in Serbia''). Vienna. * 1904: ''Das Königreich Serbien und das Serbenvolk von der Römerzeit bis zur Gegenwart'' (''The Kingdom of Serbia and the Serbian People from Roman Times until the Present''). First volume. Leipzig.


Gallery

Image:Miloš_Obrenović's_House_by_Felix_Kanitz.jpg, A drawing by Felix Kanitz of Milos Obrenovic house Image:Batal-dzamija.jpg, A drawing by Felix Kanitz of
Belgrade Belgrade ( , ;, ; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. Nearly 1,166,763 mi ...
mosque A mosque (; from ar, مَسْجِد, masjid, ; literally "place of ritual prostration"), also called masjid, is a place of prayer for Muslims. Mosques are usually covered buildings, but can be any place where prayers ( sujud) are performed, ...
Image:Zrnov.png, A drawing by Felix Kanitz of Zrnov Image:Fabrika-Kanitz.jpg, A drawing by Felix Kanitz of the first factory in the Balkans


Notes


References


External links


Bulgarian National Radio article on Kanitz's studies in Bulgaria


{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanitz, Felix Philipp 1829 births 1904 deaths Austrian geographers Ethnographers Hungarian archaeologists Austrian archaeologists Converts to Christianity from Judaism Austro-Hungarian Jews Jewish scientists University of Vienna alumni Scientists from Budapest Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Serbian studies