Fedor Ivanovich Buslaev (russian: Фёдор Ива́нович Бусла́ев; April 25, 1818 – August 12, 1898) was a
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
philologist
Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defined as th ...
,
art historian, and folklorist who represented the
Mythological school of
comparative literature
Comparative literature is an academic field dealing with the study of literature and cultural expression across linguistic, national, geographic, and disciplinary boundaries. Comparative literature "performs a role similar to that of the study ...
and
linguistics
Linguistics is the science, scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure ...
. He was profoundly influenced by
Jacob Grimm and
Theodor Benfey :''This is about the German philologist. For Theodor Benfey (born 1925) who developed a spiral periodic table of the elements in 1964, see Otto Theodor Benfey.''
Theodor Benfey (; 28 January 1809, in Nörten near Göttingen26 June 1881, in Götti ...
.
Biography
Buslaev was educated at
Penza
Penza ( rus, Пе́нза, p=ˈpʲɛnzə) is the largest city and administrative center of Penza Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Sura River, southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, Penza had a population of 517,311, making it the 38th-la ...
and
Moscow University. At the end of his academical course, 1838, he accompanied the family of
Count S.G. Stroganov on a tour through
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
and
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
, occupying himself principally with the study of classical antiquities. On his return he was appointed assistant professor of
Russian literature at the
University of Moscow
M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious ...
.
A study of
Jacob Grimm's great dictionary had already directed the attention of the young professor to the historical development of the
Russian language, and the fruit of his studies was the book ''On the Teaching of the National Language'' (
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...
, 1844 and 1867), which even now has its value. In 1848 he produced his work ''On the Influence of Christianity on the Slavonic Language'', which was considered a milestone in the study of the development of the
Slavonic language
The Slavic languages, also known as the Slavonic languages, are Indo-European languages spoken primarily by the Slavic peoples and their descendants. They are thought to descend from a proto-language called Proto-Slavic, spoken during the Ear ...
s.
In this work Buslaev proves that long before the age of
Cyril and Methodius
Cyril (born Constantine, 826–869) and Methodius (815–885) were two brothers and Byzantine Christian theologians and missionaries. For their work evangelizing the Slavs, they are known as the "Apostles to the Slavs".
They are credited wit ...
the Slavonic languages had been subject to
Christian influences. In 1855 he published ''Palaeographical and Philological Materials for the History of the Slavonic Alphabets'', and in 1858 ''Essay Towards an Historical Grammar of the Russian Tongue'', abounding with rich material for students, carefully collected from an immense quantity of ancient records and monuments. In close connection with this work in his ''Historical Chrestomathy of the Church-Slavonic and Old Russian Tongues'' (Moscow, 1861).
He was elected a member of the
St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1860.
Buslaev also interested himself in Russian popular poetry and old Russian art, and the result of his labors is enshrined in ''Historical Sketches of Russian Folk Literature and Art'' (St. Petersburg, 1861), a very valuable collection of articles and monographs, in which the author shows himself a worthy and faithful disciple of Grimm. His ''Folk Poetry'' (St. Petersburg, 1887) is a valuable supplement to the ''Sketches''. In 1881 he was appointed professor of Russian literature at Moscow, and three years later published his ''Annotated Apocalypse'' with an atlas of 400 plates, illustrative of ancient
Russian art
Russian culture (russian: Культура России, Kul'tura Rossii) has been formed by the nation's history, its geographical location and its vast expanse, religious and social traditions, and Western influence. Russian writers and ph ...
.
In his advanced age Buslaev was to a large degree incapacitated by blindness and passed his time in dictating his
memoirs to a secretary. Buslaev's work in the field of
comparative literature
Comparative literature is an academic field dealing with the study of literature and cultural expression across linguistic, national, geographic, and disciplinary boundaries. Comparative literature "performs a role similar to that of the study ...
was continued by his numerous students, notably
Alexander Veselovsky
Alexander Nikolayevich Veselovsky (russian: Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Весело́вский) ( in Moscow – in St. Petersburg) was a leading Russian literary theorist who laid the groundwork for comparative literary studi ...
.
References
Bibliography
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Buslaev, Fedor Ivanovich
Folklorists
Philologists from the Russian Empire
Comparative mythology
Mythographers
1818 births
1898 deaths
Comparative mythologists
Moscow State University faculty
Full members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Historians from the Russian Empire
Blind academics
Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
Professorships at the Imperial Moscow University
Imperial Moscow University alumni
Russian art historians
Privy Councillor (Russian Empire)