fungus moth

Tineidae is a family of moths in the order Lepidoptera described by Pierre André Latreille in 1810. Collectively, they are known as fungus moths or tineid moths. The family contains considerably more than 3,000 species in more than 300 genera. Most of the tineid moths are small or medium-sized, with wings held roofwise over the body when at rest. They are particularly common in the Palaearctic, but many occur elsewhere, and some are found very widely as introduced species.

Tineids are unusual among Lepidoptera as the larvae of only a very small number of species feed on living plants, the majority feeding on fungi, lichen. The most familiar members of the family are the clothes moths, which have adapted to feeding on stored fabrics and led to their reputation as a household pest. The most widespread of such species are the common clothes moth (''Tineola bisselliella''), the case-bearing clothes moth (''Tinea pellionella''), and the carpet moth (''Trichophaga tapetzella''); the brown-dotted clothes moth (''Niditinea fuscella'') despite its name, preferentially feeds on feathers in bird nests.

One remarkable genus is ''Ceratophaga'', whose members feed exclusively on pure keratin in the form of the horns and hooves of dead mammals and even the shells of dead tortoises.

Systematics

Subfamilies and notable genera

Some species also are listed; for others see genus accounts.

Dryadaulinae
* '' Brachydoxa''
* '' Dryadaula'' Meyrick, 1893
Erechthiinae
* ''Anastathma''
* ''Callicerastis'' (sometimes in ''Erechthias'')
* ''Comodica''
* ''Erechthias'' Meyrick, 1880
* ''Mecomodica'' (sometimes in ''Comodica'' or ''Erechthias'')
* '' Petula''
* '' Phthinocola''
* '' Pisistrata''
* '' Pontodryas''
* '' Thuriostoma''
Euplocaminae
* '' Euplocamus'' Latreille, 1809

Hapsiferinae
* '' Agorarcha''
* '' Briaraula''
* '' Callocosmeta''
* '' Chrysocrata''
* ''Cimitra''
* '' Colobocrossa''
* ''Cubitofusa''
* '' Cynomastix''
* ''Dasyses''
* '' Hapsifera''
* ''Hapsiferona''
* ''Paraptica''
* ''Parochmastis''
* '' Phyciodyta''
* '' Pitharcha''
* ''Rhinophyllis''
* ''Tiquadra''
* ''Trachycentra''
* ''Zygosignata''

Harmacloninae
* ''Harmaclona''
* '' Micrerethista''
Hieroxestinae
* '' Amphixystis''
* ''Archemitra''
* ''Asymplecta''
* ''Crobylophanes'' Meyrick, 1938
* ''Kermania''
* ''Mitrogona'' Meyrick, 1920
* ''Oinophila''
* ''Opogona''
* ''Phaeoses''
* '' Phruriastis''
* '' Tineomigma'' Gozmány, 2004
* ''Wegneria''

Meessiinae

* '' Afrocelestis''
* '' Agnathosia''
* '' Agoraula''
* '' Augolychna''
* '' Bathroxena''
* '' Clinograptis''
* '' Diachorisia''
* '' Doleromorphia''
* '' Drimylastis''
* '' Emblematodes''
* '' Epactris''
* '' Eudarcia''

* '' Galachrysis''
* '' Homosetia''
* '' Homostinea''
* '' Hybroma''
* '' Infurcitinea''
* '' Ischnoscia''
* '' Isocorypha''
* '' Leucomele''
* '' Lichenotinea''
* '' Matratinea''
* '' Mea''
* '' Meneessia''

* '' Montetinea''
* '' Nannotinea''
* '' Novotinea''
* '' Oenoe''
* '' Oxylychna''
* '' Pompostolella''
* '' Protodarcia''
* '' Stenoptinea''
* '' Tenaga''
* '' Trissochyta''
* '' Unilepidotricha''
* '' Xeringinia''

Myrmecozelinae

* '' Ateliotum''
* '' Analytarcha''
* '' Cephimallota''
** syn. '' Anemallota''
** syn. '' Aphimallota''
** syn. '' Cephitinea''
* '' Cinnerethica''
* '' Contralissa''
* '' Coryptilum''
* '' Criticonoma''
* '' Dicanica''
* '' Dinica''
* '' Drosica''
* '' Ellochotis''
* '' Endromarmata''
* '' Euagophleps''
* '' Exoplisis''

* '' Gerontha''
* '' Haplotinea'' (tentatively placed here)
* ''Ippa''
* '' Ischnuridia''
* '' Janseana''
* '' Machaeropteris''
* ''Mesopherna''
* '' Metapherna''
* ''Mimoscopa''
* '' Moerarchis''
* '' Myrmecozela''

* '' Pachyarthra''
* '' Pararhodobates''
* '' Phthoropoea''
* '' Platysceptra''
* '' Propachyarthra''
* '' Rhodobates''
* ''Sarocrania''
* '' Scalmatica''
* '' Timaea''
* '' Tineovertex''
* '' Tracheloteina''

Nemapogoninae
* '' Archinemapogon''
* '' Gaedikeia''
* '' Hyladaula''
* ''Nemapogon''
* '' Nemaxera''
* '' Neurothaumasia''
* '' Peritrana''
* '' Triaxomasia''
* '' Triaxomera''
* ''Vanna''
Perissomasticinae
* '' Cylicobathra''
* ''Ectabola''
* '' Edosa''
* ''Hyperbola''
* '' Neoepiscardia''
* '' Perissomastix''
* '' Phalloscardia''
* '' Sphallesthasis'' Gozmány, 1959
* '' Theatrochora''

Scardiinae
* '' Afroscardia''
* '' Amorophaga''
* '' Archyala'' Meyrick, 1889
* '' Bythocrates''
* '' Cnismorectis''
* '' Coniastis''
* '' Cranaodes''
* '' Daviscardia''
* '' Diataga''
* ''Dorata''
* ''Hilaroptera'' Gozmány, 1969
* '' Leptozancla'' Meyrick, 1920
* '' Montescardia''
* ''Morophaga'' Herrich-Schäffer, 1853
* ''Pelecystola'' Meyrick, 1920
* '' Scardia''
* '' Scardiella''
* '' Semeoloncha'' Gozmány, 1968
* ''Tinissa'' Walker, 1864
* '' Trigonarchis''
* '' Vespitinea''

Setomorphinae
* ''Lindera

Tineinae

* ''Acridotarsa''
* '' Anomalotinea''
* '' Asymphyla''
* '' Ceratobia''
* ''Ceratophaga''
* '' Ceratuncus''
* ''Crypsithyris''
* '' Crypsithyrodes''
* '' Eccritothrix''
* '' Elatobia''
* '' Enargocrasis''
* ''Eremicola''
* '' Graphicoptila''
* '' Hippiochaetes''

* '' Kangerosithyris''
* '' Lipomerinx''
* '' Metatinea''
* ''Miramonopis''
* ''Monopis''
* '' Nearolyma''
* '' Niditinea''
* ''Ocnophilella''
* '' Phereoeca''
* '' Praeacedes''
* '' Pringleophaga''
* '' Proterodesma''
* '' Proterospastis''

* '' Reisserita''
* '' Stemagoris''
* '' Tetrapalpus''
* '' Thomintarra''
* ''Tinea''
* '' Tinemelitta''
* '' Tineola''
* '' Tineomigma''
* '' Trichophaga''
* '' Tryptodema''
* '' Wyoma''
* '' Xerantica''

Genera ''incertae sedis''

These fungus moths have not been assigned to a subfamily with a reasonable amount of certainty:

* '' Acanthocheira''
* '' Acritotilpha''
* '' Afghanotinea''
* '' Amathyntis''
* '' Ancystrocheira''
* '' Antigambra''
* '' Antipolistes''
* '' Apreta''
* '' Archyala''
* '' Argyrocorys''
* '' Astrogenes''
* '' Axiagasta''
* '' Barymochtha''
* '' Basanasca''
* '' Bascantis''
* '' Brithyceros''
* '' Catalectis''
* ''Catapsilothrix''
* '' Cataxipha''
* '' Catazetema''
* '' Cervaria''
* ''Chionoreas''
* '' Clepticodes''
* '' Colpocrita''
* ''Compsocrita''
* '' Cosmeombra''
* '' Cryphiotechna''
* '' Crypsitricha''
* '' Cubotinea''
* '' Cycloponympha'' (often placed in Lyonetiidae)
* '' Dasmophora''
* '' Dolerothera''
* '' Drastea'' (often placed in Acrolophidae)
* '' Dyotopasta''
* '' Ecpeptamena''
* '' Endeixis''
* '' Endophthora''
* '' Ephedroxena''
* '' Episyrta''
* '' Eriozancla''
* '' Erysimaga''
* ''Eschatotypa''
* '' Eucrotala''
* '' Eugennaea''
* '' Euprora''
* '' Exonomasis''
* ''Glaucostolella''
* '' Gourbia''
* '' Graphidivalva''
* '' Habrophila''
* '' Hapalothyma''
* '' Harmotona''
* '' Hecatompeda''
* '' Heloscopa'' (often placed in Oecophoridae)
* '' Heterostasis''
* ''Hilaroptera''
* '' Histiovalva''
* '' Homalopsycha''
* '' Homodoxus''
* '' Hoplocentra''
* '' Hyalaula''
* '' Hypoplesia''
* '' Leptonoma''
* '' Lepyrotica''
* '' Leucophasma''
* '' Liopycnas''
* '' Lithopsaestis''
* '' Lysiphragma''
* '' Lysitona''
* '' Marmaroxena''
* '' Melodryas''
* '' Merunympha''
* '' Miarotagmata''
* '' Minicorona''
* '' Monachoptilas''
* '' Mythoplastis''
* '' Nesophylacella''
* '' Nonischnoscia''
* '' Nothogenes''
* '' Nyctocyrmata''
* '' Ochetoxena''
* '' Ogmocoma''
* '' Orocrypsona''
* '' Otochares''
* '' Oxymachaeris''
* '' Pachydyta''
* '' Panthytarcha''
* '' Pedaliotis''
* ''Pelecystola''
* '' Peristactis''
* '' Petasactis''
* '' Pezetaera''
* '' Philagraulella''
* '' Phryganeopsis''
* '' Plaesiostola''
* '' Plemyristis''
* '' Polypsecta''
* '' Probatostola''
* '' Proboloptila''
* '' Protagophleps''
* ''Protaphreutis''
* '' Prothinodes''
* '' Psecadioides''
* '' Pyloetis''
* '' Randominta''
* ''Ranohira''
* '' Rungsiodes''
* '' Sagephora''
* '' Scardia''
* '' Sciomystis''
* '' Setiarcha''
* '' Sphecioses''
* '' Stryphnodes''
* '' Syncraternis''
* '' Syngeneta''
* '' Syrmologa''
* '' Taeniodictys'' (often placed in Lyonetiidae)
* ''Tephrosara''
* '' Tetanostola''
* '' Thallostoma''
* '' Thisizima''
* '' Thomictis''
* '' Thyrsochares''
* '' Tomara''
* '' Trachyrrhopala''
* '' Trachytyla''
* '' Transmixta''
* '' Trichearias''
* '' Trierostola''
* '' Trithamnora''
* '' Xylesthia''
* '' Xystrologa''
* ''Zonochares''
* '' Zymologa''

Fossil record

*†''Architinea'' Rebel, 1934
**†''Architinea balticella'' Rebel, 1934
**†''Architinea sepositella'' Rebel, 1934
*†''Dysmasiites'' Kusnezov, 1941
**†'' Dysmasiites carpenteri'' Kusnezov, 1941
*†'' Electromeessia'' Kozlov, 1987
**†'' Electromeessia zagulijaevi'' Kozlov, 1987 (Baltic region, Eocene Amber)
*†'' Glessoscardia'' Kusnezov, 1941
**†'' Glessoscardia gerasimovi'' Kusnezov, 1941
*†'' Martynea'' Kusnezov, 1941
**†'' Martynea rebeli'' Kusnezov, 1941
*†'' Monopibaltia'' Skalski, 1974
**†'' Monopibaltia ignitella'' Skalski, 1974 (Baltic region, Eocene Amber)
*†'' Palaeoinfurcitinea'' Kozlov, 1987
**†'' Palaeoinfurcitinea rohdendorfi'' Kozlov, 1987 (Russia, Eocene Amber)
*†'' Palaeoscardiites'' Kusnezov, 1941
**†'' Palaeoscardiites mordvilkoi'' Kusnezov, 1941
*†'' Palaeotinea'' Kozlov, 1987
**†'' Palaeotinea rasnitsyni'' Kozlov, 1987
*†'' Paratriaxomasia'' Jarzembowski, 1980
**†'' Paratriaxomasia solentensis'' Jarzembowski, 1980
*†'' Proscardiites'' Kusnezov, 1941
**†'' Proscardiites martynovi'' Kusnezov, 1941
*†'' Pseudocephitinea'' Kozlov, 1987
**†'' Pseudocephitinea svetlanae'' Kozlov, 1987 (Russia, Eocene Amber)
*†'' Scardiites'' Kusnezov, 1941
**†'' Scardiites meyricki'' Kusnezov, 1941
*†'' Simulotenia'' Skalski, 1977
**†'' Simulotenia intermedia'' Skalski, 1977
*†'' Tillyardinea'' Kusnezov, 1941
**†'' Tillyardinea eocaenica'' Kusnezov, 1941
*''Tinea'' Linnaeus, 1758
**†'' Tinea antique'' Rebel, 1822
*†'' Tineitella'' T. B. Fletcher, 1940
**†'' Tineitella crystalli'' Kawall, 1876 (originally in Tineites)
**†'' Tineitella sucinacius'' Kozlov, 1987 (originally in Tineites)
*†'' Tineolamima'' Rebel, 1934
**†'' Tineolamima aurella'' Rebel, 1934
*†'' Tineosemopsis'' Skalski, 1974
**†'' Tineosemopsis decurtatus'' Skalski, 1974

References

*

Global Taxonomic Database of Tineidae



A Caterpillar that Eats Tortoise Shells

Tineid of Korea(closed, 2005~2019.12.23)

Fauna Europaea

Further reading

;Key works

*Dugdale, J.S., 1988. Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue and keys of family-group taxa. ''Fauna of New Zealand'', 14: 1–262.
*Gaedike, R. 1983. Zur Kenntnis der paläarktischen Tineiden Die Gattung ''Infurcitinea'' Spuler, 1910 (Lepidoptera). ''Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden'', 46: 121–150.
*Gaedike, R. 1985. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der paläarktischen Tineiden: Gattung'' Obesoceras'' Petersen, 1957 (Lepidoptera). ''Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden'', 48: 167–181.
*Hinton, H.E. 1956. The larvae of the species of Tineidae of economic importance.'' Bulletin of Entomological Research'', 47: 251–346.
*Leraut, P., 1985. Mise a jour de la liste des Tineides de la faune de France. ''Entomologica Gallica'', 1(4): 319–325.
*Petersen, G. 1957–8. Die Genitalien der paläarktischen Tineiden. ''Beiträge zur Entomologie'', 7: 55–176, 338–380, 557–595; 8: 111–118, 398–430.
*Robinson, G.S. 1979. Clothes-moths of the Tinea pellionella complex: a revision of the world's species (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). ''Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology'', 38: 57–128, figs 1–103.
*Zagulajev, A.K. 1960. Tineidae; part 3 - subfamily Tineinae. n Russian.''Fauna SSSR'', 78: 1–267, 231 figs, 3 pls. ranslation, 1975, New Delhi.*Zagulajev, A.K. 1964. Tineidae; part 2 - subfamily Nemapogoninae. n Russian.''Fauna SSSR'', 86: 1–424, 385 figs, 1 pl. ranslation, 1968, Jerusalem.*Zagulajev, A.K. 1973. Tineidae; part 4 - subfamily Scardiinae. n Russian.''Fauna SSSR'', 104: 1–126, 99 figs, 2 pls.
*Zagulajev, A.K. 1975. Tineidae; part 5 - subfamily Myrmecozelinae. n Russian.''Fauna SSSR'', 108: 1–426, 319 figs, 8 pls. ranslation, 1988, New Delhi.*Zagulajev, A.K. 1979. Tineidae; part 6 - subfamily Meessiinae. n Russian.''Fauna SSSR'', 119: 1–409.
*Zagulajev A K. 1988 English translation (original 1975). ''Clothes Moths (Tineidae)'' (English translation of Nastoyaschie Moli (Tineidae)).Akademiya Nauk SSSr, Zoologicheskii Institut, New series No. 108

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2473551

Moth families
Household pest insects

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