''Fundulus'' is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the

superfamily SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...

Funduloidea, family Fundulidae (of which it is the type genus). It belongs to the

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

toothcarp Cyprinodontiformes is an order of ray-finned fish, comprising mostly small, freshwater fish. Many popular aquarium fish, such as killifish and live-bearers, are included. They are closely related to the Atheriniformes and are occasionally ...

s (Cyprinodontiformes), and therein the large suborder Cyprinodontoidei. Most of its closest living relatives are egg-laying, with the notable exception of the splitfin livebearers ( Goodeidae). They are usually smallish; most species reaching a length of at most 4 in (10 cm) when fully grown. However, a few larger species exist, with the giant killifish ('' F. grandissimus'') and the northern studfish ('' F. catenatus'') growing to twice the genus' average size. Many of the 40-odd species are commonly known by the highly ambiguous name " killifish" (the general term for egg-laying toothcarps), or the somewhat less ambiguous "

topminnow Fundulidae is the family of topminnows and North American killifishes. Distribution The 46 species are native to North America as far south as Yucatan, and to the islands of Bermuda and Cuba, occurring in both freshwater and marine environments ...

" (a catch-all term for Fundulidae). "Studfish" is a quite unequivocal vernacular name applied to some other ''Fundulus'' species; it is not usually used to refer to the genus as a whole. ''Fundulus'' have evolved to occupy a wide range of aquatic ecosystems, including marine, estuarine, and freshwater, making it a good comparative model system for studying evolutionary divergence between marine and freshwater environments. To assist with this research,

Oxford Nanopore Oxford Nanopore Technologies Limited is a UK-based company which is developing and selling nanopore sequencing products (including the portable DNA sequencer, MinION) for the direct, electronic analysis of single molecules. History The company ...

long-read reference genomes have been sequenced for ''F. xenicus, F. catenatus, F. nottii'', and '' F. olivaceus'.''

Species

There are currently 39 recognized species in this genus: * ''

Fundulus albolineatus The whiteline topminnow, ''Fundulus albolineatus'', was a type of killifish first identified in 1891. It was endemic to Big Spring, Madison County, Alabama Madison County is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. ...

'' C. H. Gilbert, 1891 (

Whiteline topminnow The whiteline topminnow, ''Fundulus albolineatus'', was a type of killifish first identified in 1891. It was endemic to Big Spring, Madison County, Alabama Madison County is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. ...

(

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

)) * ''

Fundulus bermudae The Bermuda killifish (''Fundulus bermudae'') is a small fish which is endemic to the islands of Bermuda in the western Atlantic Ocean. It belongs to the genus ''Fundulus'' in the killifish and topminnow family, Fundulidae. It can grow up to 12 ...

'' Günther, 1874 (Bermuda killifish) * '' Fundulus bifax'' Cashner &

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, 1988 (Stippled studfish) * ''

Fundulus blairae ''Fundulus'' is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the superfamily Funduloidea, family Fundulidae (of which it is the type genus). It belongs to the order of toothcarps (Cyprinodontiformes), and therein the large suborder Cyprinodontoidei. Most ...

'' Wiley & D. D. Hall, 1975 (Western starhead topminnow) * ''

Fundulus catenatus The northern studfish (''Fundulus catenatus'') is the largest of the killifish and is native to the southcentral United States. Appearance and anatomy The mean length for adults is . Northern studfish are sexually dimorphic. Males have horizonta ...

'' ( D. H. Storer, 1846) (Northern studfish) * ''

Fundulus chrysotus The golden topminnow (''Fundulus chrysotus'') is a fish of the genus ''Fundulus'' and is a United States native fish mostly distributed throughout the southeast, ranging from Kentucky and Ohio south into Florida. Although it has such a wide distr ...

'' ( Günther, 1866) (

Golden topminnow The golden topminnow (''Fundulus chrysotus'') is a fish of the genus ''Fundulus'' and is a United States native fish mostly distributed throughout the southeast, ranging from Kentucky and Ohio south into Florida. Although it has such a wide distr ...

) * '' Fundulus cingulatus'' Valenciennes, 1846 (Banded topminnow) * '' Fundulus confluentus''

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& T. H. Bean, 1879 (Marsh killifish) * '' Fundulus diaphanus'' (Lesueur, 1817) ** '' Fundulus diaphanus diaphanus'' ( Lesueur, 1817) (Banded killifish) ** '' Fundulus diaphanus menona'' D. S. Jordan & Copeland, 1877 * ''

Fundulus dispar The Starhead topminnow (''Fundulus dispar'') is a native United States species that ranges from the Ouachita River drainage in Louisiana, the Big Black river in Mississippi, and extends northward into the Mississippi River and Lake Michigan basin ...

'' (

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, 1854) (Starhead topminnow) * ''

Fundulus escambiae The russetfin topminnow (''Fundulus escambiae'') is a North American species of temperate freshwater killifish belonging to the genus ''Fundulus'' of the family Fundulidae Fundulidae is the family of topminnows and North American killifishes. ...

'' ( Bollman, 1887) (Russetfin topminnow) * '' Fundulus euryzonus'' Suttkus & Cashner, 1981 (Broadstripe topminnow) * ''

Fundulus grandis The Gulf killifish (''Fundulus grandis'') is one of the largest members of the genus ''Fundulus''; it is capable of growing up to 7" in length, whereas the majority of other ''Fundulus'' reach a maximum length of 4". Therefore, ''F. grandis'' is ...

'' S. F. Baird & Girard, 1853 (Gulf killifish) * ''

Fundulus grandissimus ''Fundulus'' is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the superfamily Funduloidea, family Fundulidae (of which it is the type genus). It belongs to the order of toothcarps (Cyprinodontiformes), and therein the large suborder Cyprinodontoidei. Most ...

'' C. L. Hubbs, 1936 (Giant killifish) * ''

Fundulus heteroclitus The mummichog (''Fundulus heteroclitus'') is a small killifish found along the Atlantic coast of the United States and Canada. Also known as Atlantic killifish, mummies, gudgeons, and mud minnows, these fish inhabit brackish and coastal waters in ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1766) ** '' Fundulus heteroclitus heteroclitus'' ( Linnaeus, 1766) (Mummichog) ** '' Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus'' (

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, 1792) * ''

Fundulus jenkinsi The saltmarsh topminnow (''Fundulus jenkinsi'') is a species of killifish for the Family (biology), family Fundulidae. It occurs in the coastal wetlands of the Gulf of Mexico in the United States. Description Saltmarsh topminnows have little colo ...

'' ( Evermann, 1892) (Saltmarsh topminnow) * '' Fundulus julisia''

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& Etnier, 1982 (Barrens topminnow) * ''

Fundulus kansae ''Fundulus'' is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the superfamily Funduloidea, family Fundulidae (of which it is the type genus). It belongs to the order of toothcarps (Cyprinodontiformes), and therein the large suborder Cyprinodontoidei. Most of ...

'' Garman, 1895 (Northern plains killifish) * ''

Fundulus lima The Baja California killifish (''Fundulus lima'') is a killifish in the family Fundulidae. It is native to the Baja California Peninsula region of northwestern Mexico. This fish was described by L.L. Vaillant in 1894 with the type locality g ...

'' Vaillant, 1894 * '' Fundulus lineolatus'' (

, 1854) (Lined topminnow) * '' Fundulus luciae'' ( S. F. Baird, 1855) (Spotfin killifish) * ''

Fundulus majalis The striped killifish (''Fundulus majalis''), also called the striped mummichog, is a North American species of fundulid killifish. It lives in salt and brackish waters in shallow coastal regions from New Hampshire to Florida, and in the norther ...

'' (

, 1792) (Striped killifish, Striped mummichog) * ''

Fundulus notatus The blackstripe topminnow, ''Fundulus notatus'', is a small freshwater fish in the family Fundulidae, found in central North America. Distribution The blackstripe topminnow is found in Canada along a roughly 60 kilometre stretch of Ontario's Sy ...

'' ( Rafinesque, 1820) (

Blackstripe topminnow The blackstripe topminnow, ''Fundulus notatus'', is a small freshwater fish in the family Fundulidae, found in central North America. Distribution The blackstripe topminnow is found in Canada along a roughly 60 kilometre stretch of Ontario's Syd ...

) * ''

Fundulus nottii ''Fundulus nottii'', the bayou topminnow or southern starhead topminnow, is a fish of the family Fundulidae found in the southeastern United States. Description It is a small topminnow with a sub-ocular teardrop, a terminal to superior mouth ...

'' (

, 1854) (Bayou topminnow) * ''

Fundulus olivaceus The blackspotted topminnow, ''Fundulus olivaceus'', is a species of fish in the family Fundulidae: the topminnows and North American killifishes.Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Fundulus olivaceus''.FishBase. 2011. It is native to the south-central U ...

'' ( D. H. Storer, 1845) (Blackspotted topminnow) * ''

Fundulus parvipinnis The California killifish (''Fundulus parvipinnis'') is a type of killifish (Fundulidae) found along the coast of southern California and Baja California. Like the other members of the family, California killifish are small, no more than about 11 ...

'' Girard, 1854 (California killifish) * '' Fundulus persimilis''

R. R. Miller Robert Rush Miller (April 23, 1916 – February 10, 2003) "was an important figure in American ichthyology and conservation from 1940 to the 1990s." He was born in Colorado Springs, earned his bachelor's degree at University of California, Berke ...

, 1955 (Yucatan killifish) * ''

Fundulus philpisteri ''Fundulus'' is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the Taxonomic rank, superfamily Funduloidea, family (biology), family Fundulidae (of which it is the type genus). It belongs to the order (biology), order of toothcarps (Cyprinodontiformes), and th ...

'' García-Ramírez, Contreras-Balderas & Lozano-Vilano, 2007 * ''

Fundulus pulvereus The bayou killifish or bayou topminnow (''Fundulus pulvereus'') is a topminnow-like fish that thrives primarily in the shallow waters off the shores of the Americas, as well as fresh and brackish waters. Feeding off of small vertebrates and inv ...

'' ( Evermann, 1892) (Bayou killifish) * '' Fundulus rathbuni'' D. S. Jordan & Meek, 1889 (Speckled killifish) * '' Fundulus relictus''

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& Felley, 1988 (Lover's Lake killifish) * ''

Fundulus rubrifrons ''Fundulus'' is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the Taxonomic rank, superfamily Funduloidea, family (biology), family Fundulidae (of which it is the type genus). It belongs to the order (biology), order of toothcarps (Cyprinodontiformes), and th ...

'' ( D. S. Jordan, 1880) (Redface topminnow) * '' Fundulus saguanus'' Rivas, 1948 * ''

Fundulus sciadicus The plains topminnow (''Fundulus sciadicus'') is a species of freshwater Fundulus, topminnow found in North America. The fish has a small range within the United States of America which consists of two major populations. Description The plains ...

'' Cope, 1865 (Plains topminnow) * '' Fundulus seminolis'' Girard, 1859 (Seminole killifish) * ''

Fundulus similis The longnose killifish (''Fundulus similis'') is a marine tropical benthopelagic fish of the genus ''Fundulus'' and the family ''Fundulidae''. It is endemic to the western Atlantic Ocean, ranging from along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico from th ...

'' ( S. F. Baird & Girard, 1853) (Longnose killifish) * ''

Fundulus stellifer The southern studfish (''Fundulus stellifer'') is a ray-finned fish of the family Fundulidae, the tooth carps, that is native to the southeastern United States. Description The southern studfish is long. The male has elongated posterior dorsal ...

'' ( D. S. Jordan, 1877) (Southern studfish) * ''

Fundulus waccamensis The Waccamaw killifish (''Fundulus waccamensis'') is a species of fish in the family Fundulidae. It is endemic to Lake Waccamaw, a lake in North Carolina, United States, and its tributaries. Distribution and habitat Reliable reports of this spec ...

'' C. L. Hubbs &

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, 1946 (Waccamaw killifish) * ''

Fundulus xenicus The diamond killifish (''Fundulus xenicus'') is a species of North American killifish found in salt marshes, hypersaline flats and mangrove along the Gulf Coast of the United States. This species grows to a length of . It is found in the aquariu ...

'' Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 (Diamond killifish) * ''

Fundulus zebrinus ''Fundulus zebrinus'' is a species of fish in the Fundulidae known by the common name plains killifish. It is native to North America, where it is distributed throughout the Mississippi River, Colorado River, and Rio Grande drainages, and other r ...

'' D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1883 (Plains killifish) Formerly placed in ''Fundulus'' were the closely related diamond killifish ('' Adinia xenica'') and the somewhat more distantly related Cuban killifish ('' Cubanichthys cubensis'', a pupfish).

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2359231 Freshwater fish genera Fundulidae Taxa named by Bernard Germain de Lacépède