''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

annual Annual may refer to: * Annual publication, periodical publications appearing regularly once per year **Yearbook ** Literary annual * Annual plant * Annual report * Annual giving * Annual, Morocco, a settlement in northeastern Morocco * Annuals (b ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the family

Papaveraceae The Papaveraceae are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales, informally known as the poppy family. The family is cosmopolitan, occurring in temperat ...

. The genus is native to

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

and

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

, most diverse in the

Mediterranean region In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin (; also known as the Mediterranean Region or sometimes Mediterranea) is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have mostly a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and wa ...

, and introduced to

North North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating Direction (geometry), direction or geography. Etymology T ...

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...

and

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

. ''Fumaria'' species are sometimes used in herbal medicine. ''Fumaria indica'' contains the

alkaloid Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Some synthetic compounds of similar ...

s fuyuziphine and alpha-

hydrastine Hydrastine is an isoquinoline alkaloid which was discovered in 1851 by Alfred P. Durand. Hydrolysis of hydrastine yields hydrastinine, which was patented by Bayer as a haemostatic drug during the 1910s. It is present in ''Hydrastis canadensis'' ...

. ''Fumaria indica'' may have anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential.

Selected species

There are about 50 species: *''

Fumaria abyssinica ''Fumaria abyssinica'' is an herbaceous annual plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. It is native to East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It grows in upland rainforest and bamboo forest, and has become a weed in local farms. Description Plan ...

'' Hammar *'' Fumaria agraria'' Lag. *''

Fumaria ajmasiana ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean regi ...

'' Pau & Font Quer *''

Fumaria asepala ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean regi ...

'' Boiss. *''

Fumaria atlantica ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean regi ...

'' Coss. & Durieu ''ex'' Hausskn. *''

Fumaria ballii ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean regi ...

'' Pugsley *''

Fumaria barnolae ''Fumaria barnolae'' is a species of plant in the family Papaveraceae The Papaveraceae are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales, informally kno ...

'' Sennen & Pau *''

Fumaria bastardii ''Fumaria bastardii'', commonly, tall ramping fumitory or bastard's fumitory, is a tall (to 2 m.), many-branched herbaceous flowering plant native to Western Europe including the British Isles and the northern Mediterranean. The species is a wee ...

'' Boreau *''

Fumaria berberica ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean regi ...

'' Pugsley *''

Fumaria bicolor ''Fumaria bicolor'' is a species of plant in the family Papaveraceae The Papaveraceae are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales, informally know ...

'' Sommier ''ex'' Nicotra *''

Fumaria bracteosa ''Fumaria'' (fumitory or fumewort, from Latin ', "smoke of the earth") is a genus of about 60 species of annual flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae. The genus is native to Europe, Africa and Asia, most diverse in the Mediterranean regi ...

'' Pomel * ''Fumaria'' × ''burnatii'' Verg. *'' Fumaria capitata'' Lidén *'' Fumaria capreolata'' L. *'' Fumaria coccinea'' R.T.Lowe ''ex'' Pugsley *'' Fumaria daghestanica'' Michajlova *''

Fumaria densiflora ''Fumaria densiflora'' is a species of annual herb in the family Papaveraceae The Papaveraceae are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales, inform ...

'' DC. *'' Fumaria dubia'' Pugsley *'' Fumaria erostrata'' (Pugsley) Lidén *'' Fumaria faurei'' (Pugsley) M.Linden *'' Fumaria flabellata'' Gasp. * ''Fumaria'' × ''gagrica'' Michajlova *'' Fumaria gaillardotii'' Boiss. *'' Fumaria indica'' (Hausskn.) Pugsley *'' Fumaria judaica'' Boiss. *'' Fumaria kralikii'' Jord. *'' Fumaria macrocarpa'' Parl. *'' Fumaria macrosepala'' Boiss. *'' Fumaria mairei'' Pugsley ''ex'' Maire *'' Fumaria maurorum'' Maire *'' Fumaria melillaica'' Pugsley *'' Fumaria microstachys'' Kralik ''ex'' Hausskn. *'' Fumaria mirabilis'' Pugsley *'' Fumaria montana'' J.A.Schmidt *'' Fumaria munbyi'' Boiss. & Reut. *''

Fumaria muralis ''Fumaria muralis'', known as common ramping-fumitory or wall fumitory, is a flowering herbaceous plant in the poppy family (Papaveraceae) native to western Europe and northwestern Africa. Description ''Fumaria muralis'' is a delicate annual pl ...

'' Sond. ''ex'' W.D.J.Koch *'' Fumaria normanii'' Pugsley *''

Fumaria occidentalis ''Fumaria occidentalis'', the western ramping-fumitory, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Fumaria'' that is endemic to Cornwall. It is the largest of the British fumitories, and was discovered in 1904. Distribution ''Fumaria occide ...

'' Pugsley *''

Fumaria officinalis ''Fumaria officinalis'', the common fumitory, drug fumitory or earth smoke, is a herbaceous annual flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. It is the most common species of the genus ''Fumaria'' in Western and Central Europe. Descriptio ...

'' L. *'' Fumaria ouezzanensis'' Pugsley *''

Fumaria parviflora ''Fumaria parviflora'' is a species of flowering plant known by the common names fineleaf fumitory, fine-leaved fumitory and Indian fumitory. It is native to Europe, Asia, and Africa, but it is common and widely distributed in many other parts of ...

'' Lam. *'' Fumaria petteri'' Rchb. *'' Fumaria platycarpa'' Lidén *'' Fumaria pugsleyana'' (Pugsley) Lidén *'' Fumaria purpurea'' Pugsley *'' Fumaria ragusina'' (Pugsley) Pugsley *'' Fumaria reuteri'' Boiss. *'' Fumaria rifana'' Lidén *'' Fumaria rostellata'' Knaf *'' Fumaria rupestris'' Boiss. & Reut. *'' Fumaria schleicheri'' Soy.-Will. *'' Fumaria schrammii'' Velen. *'' Fumaria segetalis'' (Hammar) Cout. *'' Fumaria sepium'' Boiss. & Reut. *'' Fumaria skottsbergii'' Lidén *'' Fumaria vaillantii'' Loisel.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q157496 Papaveraceae genera