Frédéric Cailliaud (9 June 1787 – 1 May 1869) was a French naturalist,

mineralogist Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the proce ...

and conchologist. He was born, and died, in Nantes, where he was the

curator A curator (from la, cura, meaning "to take care") is a manager or overseer. When working with cultural organizations, a curator is typically a "collections curator" or an "exhibitions curator", and has multifaceted tasks dependent on the parti ...

of the Natural History Museum of Nantes from 1836 to 1869. He travelled in

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Medit ...

Nubia Nubia () (Nobiin: Nobīn, ) is a region along the Nile river encompassing the area between the first cataract of the Nile (just south of Aswan in southern Egypt) and the confluence of the Blue and White Niles (in Khartoum in central Sudan), or ...

, and

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

, collecting minerals and making observations. He was a part of the military expedition that his patron Viceroy Muhammad Ali sent south to conquer the Kingdom of Sennar, but also marched further into

Fazogli Fazogli ( ar, فازوغلي), also known as Fazughli, Fazoghl or Fazokl, was a historical province in what is now the border region between Sudan and Ethiopia. It was established by the Funj after their conquest of the kingdom of Fazughli in 168 ...

where Caillaud searched for outcroppings of

gold Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from la, aurum) and atomic number 79. This makes it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. It is a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile me ...

while the commander Ismail, son of Muhammad Ali, enslaved locals and slaughtered all who resisted him. Although he failed to find any sizeable deposits of gold in the mountains along the modern Sudan-Ethiopia border, he did make a sufficiently detailed survey of the area to be published after he returned to France in 1827. Andrew Bednarski and W. Benson Harer, Jr. write:

Shortly after his return, he published ''Travels in the Oasis of Thebes'', with never-before-seen information on the people and places of the Western Desert. His ''Travels to Meroë'' (mer-oh-ay) not only offered similarly pioneering information on the peoples and regions south of the Nile's first cataract, but also constituted the first scientific survey of Sudanese monuments. In addition, he brought back a large corpus of correctly copied textual material that, along with objects in his newly acquired collection, helped the historian Jean-François Champollion decipher the hieroglyphic language of ancient Egypt. So esteemed were Cailliaud's contributions to knowledge that in 1824 he was awarded the French Legion of Honor.

In addition to his two monumental works on Egypt, ''Travels in the Oasis of Thebes'' and ''Travels to Meroë'', and his ample natural history publications, Cailliaud strove to produce an encyclopaedia on ancient and modern Nile civilizations. While the visual corpus for this material was produced in the 1830s, the supporting text was reworked numerous times right up until Cailliaud's death. After his passing, the manuscript for the text of this work was lost until the early 2000s. It has since been recovered, translated, edited, combined with the intended visual material, augmented with supporting chapters and new artwork, and published through AUC Press.Bednarski, Andrew (ed.) ''The Lost Manuscript of Frédéric Cailliaud: Arts and Crafts of the Ancient Egyptians, Nubians, and Ethiopians''. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2014.

Works

View of the ruins of B 300 in 1821 by Frédéric Cailliaud

*''Voyage à Meroë : au fleuve Blanc, au-delà de Fazoql dans le midi du royaume de Snnâr à Syouah tc.''. 4 volumes

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...

(1826–27), including an atlas *''Recherches sur les arts et métiers, les usages de la vie civile et domestique des anciens peuples de l'Égypte, de la Nubie et de l'Èthiopie''. 2 volumes Paris (1831-37 ff.) * Cailliaud, Frédéric, 1787-1869 Senka-Amen-seken, king of Nubia, clubbing his foes. (1902). From Travelers in the Middle East Archive (TIMEA). http://hdl.handle.net/1911/20811 * Cailliaud, Frédéric. "Explication de la carte détaillée du cours du Nil dans la haute et la basse Nubie". n.d. ans Titre OCLC Number: 767287264. * Cailliaud, Frédéric. 1800. Des monstruosités chez divers mollusques. Nantes: Impr. de Mme veuve C. Mellinet. * Cailliaud, Frédéric, and Jomard. 1821. Lettre de M. Cailliaud à M. Jomard sur les antiquités du mont Barkal et de Nourie en Nubie. Revue Encycl. ; 11 (1821), 1.

aris Aris or ARIS may refer to: People * Aris (surname) Given name * Aris Alexandrou, Greek writer * Aris Brimanis, ice hockey player * Aris Christofellis, Greek male soprano * Aris Gavelas, Greek sprinter * Aris Howard, Former President of the Jama ...

ignoux * Jomard, Edmé François, Frédéric Cailliaud, and Blondeau. 1821. Carte Itinéraire Du Désert Situé Entre Le Nil Et La Mer Rouge: comprenant La Montagne De Zabarah, les mines d'Émeraude, la mine de Soufre et les vestiges de l'ancienne route du commerce entre l'Égypte et l'Inde. Voyage À L'oasis De Thèbes Et Dans Les Déserts Situés À L'Orient Et À L'Occident De La Thébaïde. - Par Frédéric Cailliaud. Rédigé Et Publ. Par Jomard.

mpr. Royale * Jomard, Edmé François, ''Voyage à l'Oasis de Thèbes etc''. 2 volumes Paris (1821–62) **

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Biography
in French {{DEFAULTSORT:Cailliaud, Frederic 1787 births 1869 deaths Explorers of Africa French mineralogists Conchologists Recipients of the Legion of Honour

Works

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Further reading

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