The Front of Patriotic and National Parties – FPNP (

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...

: جبهة الأحزاب الوطنية والقومية , ''Jabhat al-Ahzab al-Wataniyya wal-Qawmiyya'') or Front Patriotique des Parties Nacionaux (FPPN) in French, was a Syrian-backed coalition of Lebanese Political parties and militias formed in the late 1970s.

Origins

It was formed in late March 1976 at

West Beirut Beirut, french: Beyrouth is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region. The city is situated on a peninsula at the midpoint o ...

by breakaway sections of the

Lebanese National Movement The Lebanese National Movement (LNM) ( ar, الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية, ''Al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya'') or Mouvement National Libanais (MNL) in French, was a front of leftist, pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist par ...

(LNM), which included the pro-Syrian factions of the

Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon The Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon (SSNP-L) or is a Syrian nationalist party operating in Lebanon. The Lebanese section of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party advocates subsuming Lebanon into a Greater Syrian nation state spanning ...

(SSNP) and the

Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region, commonly known as the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in Lebanon ( ar, حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي في لبنان ''Ḥizb al-Ba‘th al-‘Arabī al-Ishtirākī fī Lubnān'') ...

, the

Shia Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam. It holds that the Prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad designated Ali, ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his S ...

Amal Movement led by

Musa al-Sadr Musa Sadr al-Din al-Sadr ( ar, موسى صدر الدين الصدر; 4 June 1928 – disappeared 31 August 1978) was an Iranian-born Lebanese scholar and political leader who founded the Amal Movement. Born in the Chaharmardan neighborhood o ...

, Kamal Shatila's

Union of Working People's Forces The Union of Working People's Forces – UWPF ( ar, اتحاد قوى الشعب العامل , ''Ittihâd qiwâ al-'amal al-cha'b al-'âmil''), also known as Union of Toiling Peoples' Forces (UTPF) or Union des Forces du Peuple Travailleur (UFPT) ...

(UWPF) and the

Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish languages *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern Kurdistan **Eastern Kurdistan **Northern Kurdistan **Western Kurdistan See also * Kurd (dis ...

Razkari Party The Razkari Party ( ar, حزب رزكاري, translit=Ḥizb Rizkārī, translit-std=ALA-LC; ) is a Lebanese-Kurdish political group that was established on 3 April 1975 by Faysal Fakhru, due to disagreement with the policies of the Kurdish Demo ...

. The FPNP supported the June 1976 Syrian intervention in Lebanon.Rabinovich, ''The War for Lebanon, 1970-1985'' (1989), pp. 82–83.

Decline and demise

The alliance lasted until mid-1982, when it collapsed together with their LNM rival in the wake of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.

Notes

References

Edgar O'Ballance Major Edgar “Paddy” O'Ballance (17 July 1918, Dublin, Ireland – 8 July 2009, Wakebridge, Derbyshire, England) was an Irish-born British military journalist, researcher, defence commentator and academic lecturer specialising in intern ...

, ''Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92'', Palgrave Macmillan, London 1998. * Rex Brynen, ''Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon'', Boulder: Westview Press, Oxford 1990. �

*

Itamar Rabinovich Itamar Rabinovich ( he, איתמר רבינוביץ; born 1942) is the president of the Israel Institute (Washington and Jerusalem). He was Israel's Ambassador to the United States in the 1990s and former chief negotiator with Syria between 1993 ...

, ''The war for Lebanon, 1970-1985'', Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London 1989 (revised edition). , 0-8014-9313-7 �

*Lucien Bitterlin, ''La flamme et le soufre'', VegaPress, 1988. (in French) �

* Naomi Joy Weinberger, ''Syrian Intervention in Lebanon: The 1975-76 Civil War'', Oxford University Press, Oxford 1986. , 0195040104

External links

Chamussy (René) – Chronique d'une guerre: Le Liban 1975-1977 – éd. Desclée – 1978
(in French) {{DEFAULTSORT:Front Of Patriotic And National Parties Arab militant groups Defunct political party alliances in Lebanon Factions in the Lebanese Civil War Israeli–Lebanese conflict Organizations associated with the Ba'ath Party