Fritz Jöde (2 August 1887 − 19 October 1970) was a German music educator and one of the leading figures in the (youth music movement).

Life

Born in Hamburg, Jöde was the son of a master shoemaker.

Fred K. Prieberg Fred K. Prieberg (3 June 1928 in Berlin – 28 March 2010 in Neuried) was a German musicologist. He was a pioneer in the field of history of music and musicians under the Nazi regime. Works Independent publications * ''Musik unterm Strich. Pano ...

: ''Handbuch Musiker 1933–1945''. CD-Rom-Lexikon, Kiel 2004, . After his studies, Jöde first worked as a teacher at an Volksschule in Hamburg and joined the youth movement in 1916. At first he was a musical

autodidact Autodidacticism (also autodidactism) or self-education (also self-learning and self-teaching) is education without the guidance of masters (such as teachers and professors) or institutions (such as schools). Generally, autodidacts are individua ...

. Due to his achievements in the field of folk music, he was released from teaching duties to study musicology. In the years 1920 and 1921 Jöde studied in Leipzig, mainly with

Hermann Abert Hermann Abert (; 25 March 1871 – 13 August 1927) was a German historian of music. Life Abert was born in Stuttgart, the son of Johann Josef Abert (1832–1915), the ''Hofkapellmeister'' of that city. From 1890 to 1896 he studied classical ...

. Subsequently, Jöde became a lecturer at the

Royal Music Institute of Berlin The Königliches Musik-Institut Berlin (Royal Music Institute of Berlin) was a training centre for musicians and a predecessor of today's Institute for Church Music at the Berlin University of the Arts. History The institute was founded in 1822 ...

in 1923. There he founded the first state youth music school in the same year. In 1926 Jöde also initiated so-called "open singing lessons". From 1930 he was entrusted with the direction of the seminar for folk and youth music at the academy, to which he was still affiliated. After the

seizure of power An epileptic seizure, informally known as a seizure, is a period of symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Outward effects vary from uncontrolled shaking movements involving much of the body with los ...

by the Nazis in 1933, he was granted a leave of absence "until further notice". For this leave of absence, an article by Pfitzner biographer

Walter Abendroth Walter Fedor Georg Abendroth (29 May 1896 in Hanover – 30 September 1973 in Fischbachau) was a German composer, editor, and writer on music. Life Walter Abendroth was born in the Lower Saxon city of Hanover. The middle child of a land surveyo ...

in the '' Berliner Lokal-Anzeiger'' as well as others in the ''Zeitschrift für Musik'' and the ''Allgemeine Musikzeitung'' may have played a role. Furthermore, there was a "Declaration against Jöde" in the latter two newspapers, which was signed by Hans Pfitzner, Paul Pretzsch,

Heinz Pringsheim Heinz Gerhard Pringsheim (7 April 1882 − 31 March 1974) was a German music critic, composer, pianist and radio contributing editor. Life Born in Munich, Pringsheim was a son from the marriage of the mathematician and patron of the arts Alfred P ...

and Paul Schwers, among others. In 1934, the collection ''Der Musikant: Lieder für die Schule'', edited by Jöde was published by Georg Kallmeyer Verlag (Wolfenbüttel, Berlin 1934). The songbook is divided into seven chapters: # "Kinderlieder und Spiele: teilweise mit einem Melodieinstrument" () # "Bunte Lieder: hin und wieder mit freien zweiten Stimmen und mit Instrumenten" () # "Alte und neue Lieder: für Einzel-, Wechsel- und Chorgesang, einstimmig, zweistimmig und mit Instrumenten" () # "Volks- und Kunstliede ic! meist mit polyphonem Satz mit und ohne Instrumentalbegleitung" () # "Lieder und Gesänge: von Praetorius, Scheidt, Schütz, Händel, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Bruckner und anderen Meistern mit und ohne Instrumentalbegleitung" () # "Ein- und mehrstimmige Gesänge mit und ohne Instrumentalbegleitung von Joh. Seb. Bach" () # "Deutschland im Lied" () In the last chapter of ''Deutschland im Lied'', the title picture is marked with a

swastika The swastika (卐 or 卍) is an ancient religious and cultural symbol, predominantly in various Eurasian, as well as some African and American cultures, now also widely recognized for its appropriation by the Nazi Party and by neo-Nazis. It ...

. Here are songs that propagate the strengthening of Hitler Germany, for example

Heinrich Spitta Heinrich Arnold Theodor Spitta (19 March 1902 – 23 June 1972) was a German music educator, composer and musicologist. Life Born in Strasbourg, Spitta came from a family of musicians and theologians. His father was the theologian Friedrich S ...

(1933): "Erwachen", canon for two voices after words by

Friedrich Schiller Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (, short: ; 10 November 17599 May 1805) was a German playwright, poet, and philosopher. During the last seventeen years of his life (1788–1805), Schiller developed a productive, if complicated, friends ...

(1798): and by Otto Riethmüller (1933): "Deutschlands Erwachen" (set by Heinrich Spitta), with the 3rd verse goes, (Once there was a grey army, struggling from the Alps to the sea. Fight with us for the future land, work and freedom for all classes. Fighter country, Hitler country, may God's hand protect you). Due to disciplinary proceedings in October 1936, Jöde was relieved of all offices with effect from 26 February 1937; also some of his writings were banned. In 1937, however, he became head of the Munich Youth Radio and in 1938 head of the Hitlerjugend playing group there. From 1939 to 1945 he worked as a teacher at the Mozarteum in Salzburg. On 1 January 1940 he joined the National Socialist German Workers' Party (member number 7.792.080). From 1940 to 1944 he was also the editor of the ''Zeitschrift für Spielmusik''. Jöde, who had lived in Bad Reichenhall since 1941, first became director of the local Protestant church choir after the end of the Second World War in 1945. From 1947 to 1952 he was director of the Office for Youth and School Music in Hamburg. From 1951 to 1953, also in Hamburg, he directed the subject of music education at the Academy of Music. He then went to Trossingen to head the International Institute for Youth and Folk Music. In 1957 Jöde was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. Jöde died at the age of 83 on 19 October 1970 in Hamburg. He was buried at the

Nienstedten Cemetery The Lutheran Nienstedten Cemetery (german: Nienstedtener Friedhof) is a church-operated historic burial ground in Hamburg, Germany. The cemetery is owned by the Evangelical Lutheran parish church of Nienstedten, Hamburg. The cemetery is located o ...

. Jöde's pedagogical principles had grown out of the youth music movement. His aim was to create "a singing youth" and "a singing people". The (school) child should also be looked after outside school. Open singing lessons at markets and squares in the big cities were intended to build up a sense of community and to fight against pop songs and jazz, as well as to protest against "bourgeois hypocrisy of art" in opera houses and concert halls. Jöde's main principle was: "Even making music is better than listening to music." So his main concern was to stimulate the youth.

Work (song collections)

* ''Ringel-Rangel-Rosen'' (1913) * ''1813 im Liede'' (A collection of folk and popular songs from the time of the Wars of Liberation against Napoleon, the German campaign of 1813, 1913) * ''Der kleine Rosengarten'' (Song compositions to poems by Hermann Löns, 1917, new edition 1950) * ''Der Musikant'' (1923) * ''Der Kanon'', 3 volumes (1925–26); complete volume (1928/1959/1997), * ''Das Chorbuch'' (1925) * ''Die Singstunde'' (song sheets, 1929) * ''Frau Musica'' (a songbook for the home, 1929) * ''Der Pott'' (1936) * ''Alte Madrigale'' (and other

a cappella ''A cappella'' (, also , ; ) music is a performance by a singer or a singing group without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. The term ''a cappella'' was originally intended to differentiate between Ren ...

songs for mixed choir from the 16th and the beginning of the 17th century, 1948)

Works (music theoretical writings)

* ''Musik und Erziehung. Ein pädagogischer Versuch und eine Reihe Lebensbilder aus der Schule''. Zwißler, Wolfenbüttel 1919. * ''Die Lebensfrage der neuen Schule'' Saal, Lauenburg/Elbe 1921. * ''Musikschulen für Jugend und Volk. Ein Gebot der Stunde''. Zwißler, Wolfenbüttel 1924. * ''Die Kunst Bachs. Dargestellt an seinem Inventionen. "Um darneben einen starken Vorschmack von der Komposition zu überkommen"'' (''Organik'' 1, ). Kallmeyer, Wolfenbüttel 1926. * as editor: ''Handbücher für Musikerziehung''. Kallmeyer, Wolfenbüttel 1927–1932, . ** Volume 3: Fritz Jöde: ''Elementarlehre der Musik gegeben als Anweisung im Notensingen''. *** Volume 3, 1: ''Erwerbung des Stufenraumes unter Annahme eines relativen Orientierungspunktes''. **** Volume 3, 1, 1: ''Das Stufenreich''. 1927. ** Volume 5: Fritz Jöde: ''Das schaffende Kind in der Musik. Eine Anweisung für Lehrer und Freunde der Jugend'' *** Volume 5, 1: ''Zur Theorie des Schaffens''. 1928; *** Volume 5, 2: ''Aus der Praxis des Schaffens''. 1928. * ''Kind und Musik. Eine Einführung'' (''Schriften der Schulmusikgruppe Berlin'' 1, ). Comenius among others, Berlin et al. 1930. * Volume in the series: ''Bausteine für Musikerziehung und Musikpflege. Werkreihe B''. 1951–1957, . * 104 references in the German National Library.

Life

Work (song collections)

Works (music theoretical writings)

References

Further reading